Question

there is no circuit i just can provide u that information

Answer 1

(4) Frequency calculated using..

• Resistor and capacitors calculation
• time period measured by oscilloscope.

there may be some difference because of...

• component Tolerance variation
• time scaling of oscilloscope.

(5) effect of increasing or decreasing value of R2 and R3:

• Frequency is inversely proportional to the R2 and R3.
• so, if we increase R2 and R3 frequency decreases.

(4.6) Frequency:

• comparing measured frequency have some variation because of some minor parameter which is explain above.

(1.7) compare surface mounted circuit with General purpose Board(GPB) and Breadboard circuit,

• surface mounted circuit:
  • components are placed on surface
  • more strength
  • mostly SMD components are used
  • used in final projects which is used in industry
• GPB:
  • components are mounted on single side
  • less strength
  • mostly leaded components are used
  • used for testing purpose.
• breadboard circuit:
  • leaded components are used.
  • components are mounted on breadboard
  • Used for research and development (R&D) purposes

(1) Transistor identification:

• NPN transistor have current direction outside
• PNP transistor have current direction inside

(2) NPN transistor,

• for positive base signal, transistor will remain on and output will be same as VCC(which is voltage available at collector terminal).
• for negative base signal, transistor will remain off and output will be 0.