Question

1-List the 4 cell fates .

2-What are autologous cells, their benefits, and drawback.

Answer 1

5 Ang List 4 CELL FATES : 5 3 Cell determination is the process by which portions of the genome are selected for expression in different embryonic cells. This involves developmental decisions that gradually restrict cell ate. Cells can progress from TOTI POTENT to PLURIPOTENT to DETERMINED.

O FATE MAP shows us what each part of the embryo becomes at later stages of development and allows us to trace the embryonic origins of specific cell. Apical cell fate : - The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an apical cell. The Apical cell is the upper cell a formed after the first division of the gote @ B-cell lineage commitment : ( on The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell become committed to become any type of B cell. TA - Bt - B-cell lineage commitment The process an which an immature B cell I becomes committed to become a BL-B cell. (3) cardiac cell fate - Carediocyte cell fate commitment Commitment of cells to specific cardiac call lates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac cells. Cardiac cells are cells that comprise the organ which pumps blood through circulatory system,

(4 Assymetric neuroblast division - Procult in physical partitioning and separation of a neuro blast into two daughter cells with different developmental potens. - It is a cell pate commitment leads to establishment of neuroblast polarity. The three main types of stem cell transplants are - Auto logous syn geneic and allogeneic. Autologous - patients receive their own stew cells, with this type of transplante, patients act as their own donor i e, a patient who is about to undergo a cancer treatment will have his or her swn stem cells removed and frozen for later use. After the patient receives. chemotherapy and/or radiation, the stem cells are thawed and put back into the patient's body. Husna Autologous hematopoeitic cell transplantation (HCT) is the intravenous infusion of hematapocina stem and progenitor cells designed to cre-establish marrow and immune function in patients with a variety of acquired malignant

disorders, who are being treated with high dose chemotherapy or chemorradioterapy arrow stem with growth the number alls factor of these in peripheral blood - devised to augment cells Most common sourc stem cells in autologous setting. Advantage The reinfused stem cells are derived from patient's own bone marrow and collected from the peripheral blood these cells do not cause graft- versus host disease (GUID), and thus, autologous transplana -tation is associated with less morbidity and mortality than allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) and in creases the age hint and the number of patients who can undergo the procedure!! » No need to identify donor if peripheral blood marrow is un involved by tumour at the time of I collection de - No immunosuppression less crisk of infections.

No GVHD - Dose intensive therapy can be used for older patients . → low early treatment related mortality. Disadvantages - → Not feasible is peripheral blood stem cells/ marrow involved. & Possible marrow injury leading to late myelodysplasia (either from prior chemotherapy or transplant regimen) → No graft - versus tumor effect therapeutic). → Not all patients can be mobilized to give adequate all doses for reconstitution. - likelihood of tumor cell contamination within the graft in many diseases - leading to relapse.