Question

Describe the processes involved from the moment you walk in the door at a steak house to 6 hours after eating a steak, fries and salad. Group B should discuss the physiological changes prior to eating, until food leaves the stomach. While group C should talk about the events in the intestine including digestion absorption and the signals that tell you that you are still full after you have eaten. Both groups should make sure that they mention the major gastrointestinal enzymes and their functions as well as the major gastrointestinal hormones, and when and where they act, 2. Compare and contrast the gastrointestinal morphology of an insect eating bat and an omnivorous mouse (Group B): a herbivorous cow and a herbivorous horse. (Group C). Use diagrams to explain why these are different. You are asked to recommend foodstuffs from the list below to five people. Select the single best foodstuff to supplement his/her current diet. If appropriate decide on the nutrient deficiency that the person may be suffering from. Explain the physiology and biochemistry underlying your choice in each case. (You can use the same food more than once and if you think there are foods of equal usefulness you can list those together). Group B should do the 1^st five and group C should answer 6-10. a) guava b) liver c) cows milk d) carrots e) spinach f) unpolished rice g) chocolate bar h) brazil nuts i) steak 1) A truck driver who cannot drive at night because of poor night vision. 2) A woman with macrocytic anemia and accompanying sensory loss in the lower legs. 3) A young woman who suffers from fatigue and who has very heavy menstrual bleeding. 4) A member of the Antarctic expedition who has been eating canned foods for a year and who now suffers from bleeding gums. 5) A healthy student backpacking across the Rockies for a week. 6) An infant weighing 70% of that expected for height and age and who has general oedema, a distended abdomen, and very thin legs. 7) A bicycle racer who has very sore legs after training. 8) A dark skinned vegetarian, who seldom sunbathes and who now suffers from osteopenia. 9) A person suffering from diarrhea, dementia and dermatitis. 10) A pregnant woman who does not want her unborn baby to suffer from spina bifida.

Answer 1

Ans- physiological changes prior to eating

Circadian rhythms helps in optimising various biological clocks. the feeling of hunger arose due to emptiness of stomach .

After eating steak it's digestion starts as follows

In mouth- steak is chewed and break into small bolus.there is one salivary amylase which acts on carbohydrate. There is one another enzyme I.e. lingual lipase which initiate the digestion of saturated fats. It reach to stomach.

In stomach- here the pepsinogen is converted into pepsin in acidic conditions and it acts on the proteins and convert them into amino acids. Lipase acts on lipids and convert them into fatty acids.

Digestion and absorption in intestine- partially digested steak reaches to intestine here the bile is secreted which break the fats and pancreas release proteases which break the proteins.

Now these fatty acids, amino acids, minerals and vitamins are absorbed in lower part of intestine. now some of these reaches in liver and transported to body via bloodstream.