Question

in 400 words write how blood of young adult transmission used in old adult to reverse aging use medical ethics like autonomy,justice, beneficience, nonmalefiecence pertaining to medical ethics to explain answer

Answer 1

By connecting the circulatory system of young and healthy mice to old and sick mice, the young blood tends to bring new life to the organs of the old. They become healthier, stronger, and smarter [1]. The method, parabiosis, was described by Paul Bert already in 1864 and gained significant attention during the 1960–1970s. Identifying rejuvenating factors in human blood has resulted in significant optimism for finding simple and affordable treatments for age-related diseases [21]. However, so far, no convincing results have been presented, and no consensus on mechanisms or implications exists blood rejuvenation are not new. The difficulty with drawing the line between treatment and enhancement are well known from other areas, e.g., ordinary drugs used in sports to enhance performance (steroids, modafinil, meldonium) and memory-enhancing drugs developed for persons with cognitive impairment, but used by students before exams

Promotors of human enhancement, so-called transhumanists, argue that there is no distinct difference between enhancement and therapy and that therapy is a special case of enhancement . On the other hand, it is argued that we can differentiate between i) restorative or preventive, non-enhancing interventions, ii) therapeutic enhancements (allowing for better performance than before disease or impairment), and iii) non-therapeutic enhancements . These debates hinge on the profound philosophical questions on ‘what is natural?’ and ‘what is normal?’ No doubt, the distinctions between therapy and enhancement may become crucial if blood has the prospective rejuvenating properties. However, there is a presumption that youth is good and that more is better . As highlighted in myths and arts, this is not obvious: Titonus obtained eternal life, but found it meaningless. Virginia Wolf's Orlando lived for 400 years but found it toiling. Bowerick Wowbagger in Douglas Adams' Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, lives eternal but is unhappy. The harm principle may also be relevant as parabiotic disease and accumulation of iron and development of antibodies against blood products are well-known harms [42]. So are transfusion-transmitted infections. Unknown long-term risks may of course appear.In addition to actualizing and aggravating existing challenges, parabiosis also poses new problems.