Question

Given the following code:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

class Animal{
private:
    int height;
    int weight;
public:
    void setHeight(int h){
        height = h;
    }
    int getHeight(){
        return height;
    }
    void setWeight(int w){
        weight = w;
    }
    int getWeight(){
        return weight;
    }
    virtual void makeSound() = 0;
    virtual void eat();
};

class Dog: public Animal{
public:
    void makeSound(){
        cout << "Bow Bow\n";
    }
    void eat (){
        cout <<"The dog is eating\n";
    }
    void Catch(){
        cout << "The dog is catching the ball\n";
    }
};

class Cat: public Animal{
public:
    void makeSound(){
        cout << "Meow, Meow \n";
    }
    void eat(){
        cout << "The cat is eating\n";
    }
    void play(){
        cout << "The cat is playing\n";
    }
};
class Cow: public Animal{
public:
    void makeSound(){
        cout << "Moooooo\n";
    }
    void eat(){
        cout << "The cow is eating\n";
    }
};

int main() {
    Cat *cat = new Cat;
    cat->setWeight(10);
    cat->setHeight(50);

    Dog *dog = new Dog();
    dog->setWeight(20);
    dog->setHeight(70);

    Cow *cow = new Cow();
    cow->setWeight(150);
    cow->setHeight(130);

    dog->Catch();
    dog->makeSound();
    dog->eat();

    cat->play();
    cat->makeSound();
    cat->eat();

    cow->makeSound();
    cow->eat();
    return 0;
}

Show the concept of down casting by having the dog objects to do a catch and Cat objects to do a play inside the loop that is performed in polymorphic form.

Answer 1

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

class Animal {
private:
    int height;
    int weight;
public:
    void setHeight(int h) {
        height = h;
    }

    int getHeight() {
        return height;
    }

    void setWeight(int w) {
        weight = w;
    }

    int getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    virtual void makeSound() = 0;

    virtual void eat();
};

class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void makeSound() {
        cout << "Bow Bow\n";
    }

    void eat() {
        cout << "The dog is eating\n";
    }

    void Catch() {
        cout << "The dog is catching the ball\n";
    }
};

class Cat : public Animal {
public:
    void makeSound() {
        cout << "Meow, Meow \n";
    }

    void eat() {
        cout << "The cat is eating\n";
    }

    void play() {
        cout << "The cat is playing\n";
    }
};

class Cow : public Animal {
public:
    void makeSound() {
        cout << "Moooooo\n";
    }

    void eat() {
        cout << "The cow is eating\n";
    }
};

int main() {
    Cat *cat = new Cat;
    cat->setWeight(10);
    cat->setHeight(50);

    Dog *dog = new Dog();
    dog->setWeight(20);
    dog->setHeight(70);

    Cow *cow = new Cow();
    cow->setWeight(150);
    cow->setHeight(130);

    dog->Catch();
    dog->makeSound();
    dog->eat();

    cat->play();
    cat->makeSound();
    cat->eat();

    cow->makeSound();
    cow->eat();

    Animal *cats[] = {new Cat, new Cat};
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
        ((Cat *)cats[i])->play();
    }

    Animal *dogs[] = {new Dog(), new Dog(), new Dog()};
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
        ((Dog *)dogs[i])->Catch();
    }
    return 0;
}