Question

I need help with understanding the shifting stuff on these problems

I know the answers for all of them but im trying to understand how you get there

The following equilibrium was established. Predict what would happen if each of the following changes were made to the conditions of the equilibrium. (2 points each).
         Ba(OH)2· 8H2O(s) + 2NH4NO3 (s) ↔ Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + 3NH3 (aq) + 10H2O(g)
                                                                                                                           DH = +110.2 kJ

1. What would happen if water vapor were added to the container?
   a) nothing b) shift left c) shift right
2. What would happen if the container were cooled?
   a) nothing b) shift left c) shift right
3. What would happen if some barium hydroxide octahydrate were added to the container?
   1. nothing b) shift left c) shift right

A 2.21 L vessel was found to contain 4.18 x 10^-2moles of CO₂, 2.81 x 10^-2moles of CO, and 8.8 x 10^-3moles of O₂. Which statement below best describes this system?

                                    2 CO₂(g)       ↔    2CO(g) +     O₂(g)                   K=1.20x10^-3

1. The reaction will shift right because Q<K
2. The reaction will shift right because Q>K
3. The reaction will shift left because Q<K
4. The reaction will shift left because Q>K
5. The reaction is at equilibrium, and no shift will occur

1. A mixture is prepared with [CO] = 0.035, [Cl2] = 0.015, and [COCl2] = 0.95. It is known that K for the equilibrium is 1.2 x 103 at 400 °C. Predict what will happen.
   1. The reaction shifts right.
   2. The reaction shifts left
   3. The reaction is at equilibrium so no shift occurs.
   4. It is impossible to predict without more information
2.                                   CO (g) + Cl2 (g)«COCl2 (g)

Answer 1

These shifting problems are all a part of Lechartlier's principle which in general states that if a system at equilibrium is some how affected by addition of any reagents or any change in conditions like temperature, pressure then the system will tend to oppose that change.

a) If water vapor is added then the amount of products increases so, it tries to shift to left.

b)As the reaction is endothermic, if the container is cooled then the reaction moves in backward direction.

c)If we add barium hydroxide octa hydrate then the reactants side increases and one might tempt to say the reaction moves forward but it is a solid so, no matter how much you add there will be no change in it's concentration. So, no change.

2) reaction co-efficient is same as equilibrium constant but calculated at a particular instant and not necessarily at equilibrium. If Q is greater than K then the reaction shifts back and vice-versa.

Q=[CO]²[O2] / [CO2]² =3.976*10^-3

Hence the reaction proceeds back.

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