Question

For Glaucoma. Explain the anatomical abnormality, how it affects the function of the eye, and treatment.

Answer 1

Anatomical abnormality - The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with aqueous humor, a fluid produced by the ciliary body. This fluid is continuously produced and drained also. If for any reason the outflow of this fluid is disrupted, it increases the intraocular pressure resulting in glucoma. The fluid is drained by special tissue called Trabecular network present at the base of cornea. Degeneration and obstruction of this trabecular network causes lack of absorption of aqueous humor. This is called open angle glaucoma.

In another case, called closed-angle glucoma, the iris comes very close to the drainage angle of the eye and ultimately blocks it.

Effect on the functioning of the eye- High pressure damages the optic nerve. Blindness if occurs, is irreversible. It may also cause blurred vision, redness of the eye, pupil do not dilate completely.

Treatment - 1 Laser treatment

2. Surgery is the option for those who do not respond to other treatments.

3. Intraocular pressure can be lowered with eye drops like prostaglandin analogs, beta adrenergic antagonists etc.