Question

The middle of the last century was a time of great confidence in science and medicine. The introduction of antibiotics in the 1940s and a lengthening list of vaccine for preventing numerous dieases caused many medical experts to declare a victory. For a short time, there was a sense that infectious diseases were going to be completely manageable. But this optimistic viewpoint was on a collision course with a vast army of very tiny invaders that are everywhere-namely, microorganisms. Based on recent reseach, worldwide death toll of infectious disease is approximately 13 milion people per year.

Account for one of the catastrophic microbial diseases that terrorized poeple for a period of time. Use any applicable disease from the biblical time until recent and even current time.

Include the following in your posting: Name of the selected microbial disease, the causative agent of infection, characteristics of the disease, vaccine availability, and methods of treatment, if applicable. In addition to Epidemiology and etiology of the disease and historical events related to this disease.

Answer 1

The name of microbial disease - plague

Name of the causative agent of infection - Yersinia pestis ( bacteria mainly present in rodent, particularly rats, and in flees)

characteristics of disease - there are types of plague

1. bubonic plague - this commonly caused by when infected rodent bites person..characteristics are it causes inflammation in lymph nodes.it can move into blood or lung.sympotoms are fever, headache, muscle pain, swollen lymph glands appears on the body.

2. septicemic plague -his causative bacteria enter into the bloodstream directly and multiply there.sympotoms are fever, diarrhoea, extream weakness, skin turn black.

3.pneumonic plague - when bacteria spread to the infected lungs its called pneumonic plague. this can be spread to other people by coughing of the infected person. symptoms are chest pain, cough, headache, bloody sputum.

vaccine available - vaccine used against this bacteria is killed bacterial vaccine but it is less effective against pneumonic plague so now live attenuated and recombinant protein vaccines are developed to prevent this disease.

epidemiology - most of the cases reported in the history of the world is first in the early middle ages, in Egypt and northwestern Europe. the second is in 14th to 19th century spread in central Asia. the third is from 19th to 20th century in India and China and recent years there are many deaths caused by plague wherein Madagascar more than 90 people died in 2017 due to infection of the pneumonic plague.

they called black death to the plague because it had an impact on the world at that time. it killed one-third of the population in Europe.