Question

1. Name the three major nutrients (we eat them every day) that cells convert to ATP molecules?

2. Give two reasons why do cells need to generate ATP molecules?

3. Aerobic cells produce more energy from glucose, but anaerobic cells do not. What is the reason?

4. What happens to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen?

5. Why can yeast cells make alcohol, but our cells cannot?

Answer 1

Question 1-

We eat major nutrients such as carbohydrate, fat , protein which will oxidize in cell to form ATP molecule.

2- As our body cells work continuously without any rest. That's why for providing fuel or energy to that work, we need to generate ATP molecules.

For enhancing metabolism of the body, we need to generate ATP molecule.

3- Aerobic cell produce more energy in the form of ATP approx 38 but anaerobic cell produce only 2-4 ATP because after glycolysis, Peruvian acid enters in mitochondria where keen cycle takes place in matrix and electron transport chain takes place in inner membrane of mitochondria make large amount of ATP. In anaerobic, mitochondria is not involved. That's why they produce less energy.

4- In absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid undergo fermentation. Pyruvate is converted into lactic acid via lactate dehydrogenase or converted into ethanol via ethanol dehydrogenase.

5- Yeast cell can make ethanol because they have special enzymes for this alcoholic fermentation such as alcohol dehydrogenase but in our cell such enzymes are not present. That's why yeast cell can make ethanol but our cells can not