Question

C++ program to implement inheritance with following requirements,

Classes :- Animal.cpp, bird.cpp, canine.cpp, main.cpp (to test it) :-

-You may need getters and setters also.

1. Declare and define an animal base class:

• animal stores an age (int), a unique long ID (a boolean that is true if it is alive, and a location (a pair of double).
• animal requires a default constructor and a 3 parameter constructor. Both constructors should set the unique ID automatically. They should also set the alive boolean to true. The three parameter constructor should accept an int for the age and two doubles for the set of coordinates. The default should set these three values to 0.
• animal requires a virtual move method which accepts two doubles that represent two coordinates, and ‘moves’ the animal to the set of coordinates.
• animal requires a copy constructor and a virtual destructor. The destructor should be virtual.
• animal requires a virtual sleep method and a virtual eat method. Both methods return void. Both methods should print an appropriate message to cout.
• animal requires a setAlive function which accepts a boolean. This is a void function that changes the alive data member to the value of the boolean that is passed in.
• Overload the insertion operator for the animal.

2. Declare and define a bird class that is derived from animal:

• bird stores an extra value (a double) that represents its height coordinate. Land-lubbers have two coordinates. Something that flies stores 3. How you do this is your decision. Should ALL animals store 3 coordinates? If so, how can you make the height default to zero for other animals?
• bird requires a default constructor and a 4 parameter constructor. The four-parameter constructor should accept an int for the age and three doubles for the set of coordinates. The default should set these four values to 0.
• bird requires a move method which accepts three doubles that represent three coordinates, and ‘moves’ the bird to the set of coordinates. Consider: if a bird has a 3-param move function, but the animal base class version accepts 2 parameters, we’re not really overriding the original virtual 2-param version, and we won’t be able to ask birds to move if they are being referenced by an animal pointer. Do you need to modify the animal class, in view of this information?
• bird requires a copy constructor and a destructor.
• bird must override the sleep method and the eat method. Both methods return void. Both methods should print an appropriate message to cout.
• Overload the insertion operator for the bird. Can you call the insertion operator for the base class from the derived class’ insertion operator? Investigate!

4. Declare and define a canine class that is derived from animal:

• canine requires a default constructor and a 3 parameter constructor. The three-parameter constructor should accept an int for the age and two doubles for the set of coordinates. The default should set these three values to 0.
• canine requires a move method which accepts two doubles that represent two coordinates, and ‘moves’ the canine to the set of coordinates.
• canine requires a copy constructor and a destructor.
• canine must override the sleep method and the eat method. Both methods return void. Both methods should print an appropriate message to cout.
• canine requires a hunt method. The hunt method returns void. This method takes in an animal pointer as a parameter. The canine will set the other animal’s alive boolean to false if both animals are in the same position. Two animals are in the same position if the x, y, and z values are within 1 of each other. This method should print an appropriate message to cout depending on if the hunt was successful or not.
• Overload the insertion operator for the canine. Can you call the insertion operator for the base class from the derived class’ insertion operator? Investigate!AAA

Answer 1

Here is your required code in C++:

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>

using namespace std;

class animal{

public:
long id;
static int nextID;
  
int age;
bool alive;
  
//location
double x;
double y;
double z;
  
animal()
{
age = 0;
id = 0;
alive = 1;
x = 0;
y = 0;
z = 0;
id = ++nextID;
}
  
animal(int age, double x, double y)
{
this->age = age;
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
z = 0;
id = ++nextID;
}
  
virtual void move(double x, double y)
{
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
}
  
animal(const animal &a)
{
age = a.age;
id = a.id;
alive = a.alive;
x = a.x;
y = a.y;
z = 0;
}
  
virtual void sleep()
{
cout<<"Animal "<<id<<" is Sleeping.\n";
}
  
virtual void eat()
{
cout<<"Animal "<<id<<" is Eating.\n";
}
  
void setAlive(bool alive)
{
this->alive = alive;
}
  
friend ostream & operator << (ostream &out, const animal &a);

virtual ~animal()
{}
};

ostream &operator << (ostream &out, const animal &a)
{
out<<"ID: "<<a.id<<endl;
out<<"Age: "<<a.age<<endl;
out<<"Alive: ";
if(a.alive == 1)
out<<"Yes"<<endl;
else
out<<"No"<<endl;
out<<"Coordinates: "<<a.x<<" "<<a.y<<" "<<a.z<<endl;
out<<endl;
return out;
}

class bird : public animal
{
public:
bird()
{
age = 0;
x = 0;
y = 0;
z = 0;
}
  
bird(int age, double x, double y, double z)
{
this->age = age;
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
this->z = z;
}
  
void move(double x, double y, double z)
{
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
this->z = z;
}
  
bird(const bird &b)
{
age = b.age;
id = b.id;
alive = b.alive;
x = b.x;
y = b.y;
z = b.z;
}
  
virtual ~bird(){}
  
virtual void sleep()
{
cout<<"Bird "<<id<<" is Sleeping.\n";
}
  
virtual void eat()
{
cout<<"Bird "<<id<<" is Eating.\n";
}
  
friend ostream & operator << (ostream &out, const bird &b);
};

ostream &operator << (ostream &out, const bird &b)
{
out<<"ID: "<<b.id<<endl;
out<<"Age: "<<b.age<<endl;
out<<"Alive: ";
if(b.alive == 1)
out<<"Yes"<<endl;
else
out<<"No"<<endl;
out<<"Coordinates: "<<b.x<<" "<<b.y<<" "<<b.z<<endl;
out<<endl;
return out;
}

class canine : public animal
{
public:

canine()
{
age = 0;
x = 0;
y = 0;
}
  
canine(int age, double x, double y)
{
this->age = age;
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
}
  
void move(double x, double y)
{
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
}
  
canine(const canine &c)
{
age = c.age;
id = c.id;
alive = c.alive;
x = c.x;
y = c.y;
}
  
virtual ~canine(){}
  
virtual void sleep()
{
cout<<"Canine "<<id <<" is Sleeping.\n";
}
  
virtual void eat()
{
cout<<"Canine "<<id <<" is Eating.\n";
}
  
void hunt(animal *a)
{
double d1, d2, d3;
d1 = abs(a->x - x);
d2 = abs(a->y - y);
d3 = abs(a->z - z);
  
if(d1<=1 && d2<=1 && d3<=1)
{
a->setAlive(0);
cout<<"Hunt Successful\n";
}
else
{
cout<<"Hunt Unsuccessful\n";
}
}
  
friend ostream & operator << (ostream &out, const canine &c);
};

ostream &operator << (ostream &out, const canine &c)
{
out<<"ID: "<<c.id<<endl;
out<<"Age: "<<c.age<<endl;
out<<"Alive: ";
if(c.alive == 1)
out<<"Yes"<<endl;
else
out<<"No"<<endl;
out<<"Coordinates: "<<c.x<<" "<<c.y<<" "<<c.z<<endl;
out<<endl;
return out;
}

//unique id starting from 101
int animal::nextID = 100;

int main()
{
//Testing different methods of classes above
animal a(5, 55.2, 33.5);
cout<<a;
  
bird b(10, 30, 15, 20);
cout<<b;
  
canine c(15, 2, 60);
cout<<c;
  
a.move(20, 50);
c.move(21, 49);
  
cout<<a<<c;
  
a.eat();
b.sleep();
c.sleep();
  
cout<<"\n";
animal *ani;
ani = &a;
c.hunt(ani);
return 0;
}

Here is the Output of some test cases: