Explain how the reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH can become oxidized by the mitochondrial electron transfer...
Explain how the reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH can become oxidized by the mitochondrial electron transfer chain, when NADH cannot cross the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Homework Answers
Reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH can become oxidized by mitochondrial ETC. It is possible through mitochondrial shuttles:
(1) Glycerol phosphate shuttle: NADH and dihydroxyacetone phosphate are converted to NAD+ and glycerol-3-phosphate by cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glycerol-3-phosphate is reoxidized by electron transfer to and FAD prosthetic group of mitochondrial membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Subsequent electron transfer to Q to form QH2 allows these electrons to enter mitochondrial ETC.
(2) Malate-aspartate shuttle: Electrons of cytosolic NADH are transferred to oxaloacetate to form malate that enters the inner mitochondrial matrix. Malate is used to concert NAD+ to NADH in mitochondria and is converted back into oxaloacetate. Then, oxaloacetate is aminated to aspartate and pumped out of the matrix.
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Explain how the reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH can
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both with reasons!
D1. The reducing power of cytosolic NADH can enter the electron transfer chain via the malate-aspartate shuttle or the glycerophosphate shuttle. Describe why the ATP yield from these two routes differs. (10 marks) OR D2. An inherited mutation can lead to the loss of glucose-6-phosphatase activity Describe how this will affect the functioning of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and glycogen storage (10 marks)
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Complete the sentences to explain why long chain fatty
acids cannot pass the mitochondrial membrane via diffusion, and the
mechanism by which the cells transport them.
duction of Energy via Fatty Acid Oxidation CPT II mitochondrial matrix large CPT I inner mitochondrial Long-chain fatty acids have an alkyl chain of more than 10 carbon atoms. Fatty acids with alkyl chains of this length are characterized as size. This length decreases their ability to cross the lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial...
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PLEASE ANSWER ALL PARTS. THANK YOU!
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