Question

Polar Seas and Deep Sea ecosystems are somewhat unique in the carbon sources that support the ecosystem. Select one polar (Artic or Antarctic) and one deep sea ecosystem (soft sediment benthos, hydrothermal vent, cold seep, or a brine pool) and describe the ecosystem (ie. organisms found there, what they are dependent upon, environmental conditions) and explain what carbon source supports the organisms found there.

Answer 1

Arctic Ecosystem:

Great polar bears wander through the Arctic frozen ice and swim through the Arctic seas. A intricate ecosystem that includes plankton, fish, birds, seals, walruses, and even whales fortifies these above predators. Phytoplankton and algae are at the center of this victuals web, fortifying this whole life, engendering organic material utilizing sun energy.

The most minute animal plankton, kenned as microzooplankton, consumes Arctic phytoplankton in plankton food webs. Phytoplankton and microzooplankton are consumed by copepods (which are plankton of medium size or mesozooplankton). These copepods are consumed by fish, birds, seals, walruses, and even whales. Ultimately polar bear consumes fish, birds, and seals.

Phytoplanktons like organisms are growing in surface waters, absorbing atmospheric sunlight and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide builds cell walls and other structures through photosynthesis; when organisms die, some portion of the plankton sinks into the deep ocean as organic carbon. Thus, a scintilla of their carbon sinks into the deep ocean when phytoplanktons die, engendering a carbon sink or reservoir.

Hydrothermal vent:

Profound hydrothermal vents are situated in regions with high structural action, including structural plate edges, seamounts and undersea mountain ranges, and mid-sea ridges. Water that streams from profound hydrothermal vents might be clear and have low mineral focuses or might be white or dark and might be portrayed by high mineral fixations.

The chemosynthetic microscopic organisms develop into a thick tangle which draws in different living beings, for example, amphipods and copepods, which brush upon the microorganisms straightforwardly. Bigger living beings, for example, snails, shrimp, crabs, tube worms, fish (such as eelpout, relentless eel, ophidiiforms and Symphurus thermophilus), and octopuses, structure a natural way of life of predator and prey connections over the essential consumers. The fundamental groups of living beings found around ocean bottom vents are annelids, pogonophorans, gastropods, and shellfish, with substantial bivalves, vestimentiferan worms, and "eyeless" shrimp making up the majority of nonmicrobial creatures.

The main source of carbon is carbon-di-oxide.