Question

1)Lipid-soluble hormones move easily through the body attached to a carrier protein to reach their destination; they also bind to receptors within the cell to activate them. Which of the following fits this description

a- carbohydrate hormones

b-Most biogenic amines

c-Steroid hormones

d-Peptide and polypeptide hormones

2) Which of the following are stimulation mechanisms that cause a gland to secrete a hormone?

A) nervous system, hormonal, humoral

B) enzymatic, nervous system, humoral

C) nervous system, enzymatic, hormonal

D) enzymatic, hormonal, humoral

3) The endocrine system includes all of the following EXCEPT___.

A) sweat and sebaceous glands

B) eicosanoids (local hormones)

C) hormone-producing glands

D) circulating hormones

E) target cells with hormone receptors

4) protein-based hormones activate their target cells

A) by entering the cell and finding to a receptor inside

B) by binding to nearby receptors in the blood

C) by signaling to the cell using eicosanoids as it flows by in the blood

D) by binding to receptors on the target cell membrane

5) how do the hypothalamic regulatory hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland.

A) they travel in lymphatic vessels that originate in the hypothalamus and terminate in the middle pituitary gland

B) they are secreted down the axons of the hypothalamic- hypophyseal tract

C) they travel in the capillary pathways of the hypothalamus- hypophyseal portal system

D) these hormones don’t travel from the hypothalamus, they are produced by the posterior gland

6) When GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates the release of hormone from the anterior pituitary gland it (INDICATE ALL THAT APPLY)

A) Demonstrates the effect of the tropic hormone action by stimulating the release of another hormone

B) demonstrates the nervous stimulation of a gland to release a hormone

C) stimulates the release of LH and FSH

D) stimulates the release of ACTH

E) Demonstrates hormonal stimulation of a gland to release a hormone

7) the target cell for all hypothalamic regulatory hormones are in the anterior pituitary gland

A) true

B) false

C) it depends on the hormone

9) Cortisol (INDICATE ALL THE APPLY)

A) secretion increases with stress (and is referred to as the “stress hormone”)

B) is released through hormonal stimulation: CRH stimulation the release of ACTH which stimulates release of cortisol

C) is a steroid hormone

D) will use a transport (carrier) protein to travel through the body

10) All of the following arw correctly matched EXCEPT?

A) ANP- regulates blood sodium levels

B) Vitamin D3- Ultimately regulates blood. calcium levels synergistically with PTH

C) testosterone, estrogen, progesterone- regulate the anterior pituitary gland

D) Leptin- regulates food intake

E) Melatonin- regulates day/night cycles (circadian rhythm)

Answer 1

Answer

1) c-Steroid hormones

Explanation :- There are two classes of hormones based on their solubility in Lipid.

1) Lipid soluble hormones :

These are made up of cholesterol and steroid chains. They aare soluble in Lipids.

Lipid soluble hormones exert their effect by binding to the receptors present within the cell either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus.

This is because they can easily diffuse through cell membrane.

By binding to the nuclear receptor they influence the expression of transcription factors thereby exert their effects.

As these are Lipid soluble, hence they has to bind to protein carriers in the blood for their transport so that they couldn't enter in wrong cells

2) Lipid insoluble hormones :

These are insoluble in lipids. These are made of proteins or polypeptides.

They exert their effect by binding to the receptors on the cell membrane.

They can not penetrate the cell membrane hence they don't require transport protein.

Steroid hormones require protein for their transport. Liver is the organ which synthesize proteins and supply it to all parts of the body.

2) A) nervous system, hormonal, humoral

3) A) sweat and sebaceous glands

Explanation :endocrine glands are the glands that secrete their product directly into the blood, they are ductless glands . Sweat gland and Sebaceous glands have duct.

4) D) by binding to receptors on the target cell membrane

Explanation :- See Explanation of 1

5) C) they travel in the capillary pathways of the hypothalamus- hypophyseal portal system