Question

Network hardware technology advances every year, do some research on the Internet, and please describe in your own words how routing and switching technology has evolved over the years.

Answer 1

Routing technology evolution over the years:

*Early routing systems essentially were of single bus

Switchers.

Router size:

*Systems grew in size from 30 or 40 inputs.it became in practical adding buttons to the control panels.

*address came in to use. Operator keyed a source number on a keypad to select desired source.

*Control panel that allowed operators to select source and destination.

*panel's designed as central router control points for use in studios in master control rooms.

The next big advance:

* Router system came with introduction of alpha numeric displays.

* Alpha numeric displays made it easy for non - expert operators to control the router.

Today's Routers:

Router control systems largely depends on the operational

Practices developed in the early days of alpha numeric addresses.

Control panel's had a limited amount of keys.The operators needed to find the old lookup table to configureout the TEST5 would yield SMPTE color bars.

Modern Routing Systems:

In this routing systems are adding a number of features that involves various forms of signal processing with the router.

*Embedded signal processing allows embedded audio arriving on digital video streams at a Routers input to be extracted,manipulated and re-embeded at the outputs.

* Having external control required the ability of the router control systems to communicate with external systems.

Example:Tally Management

Monitor display device

Flat panel

Based monitor walls.

Switching Technology Evolution Over The Years:

There are three types of switching packets

1.circuit switching.

2.packet switching.

3.message Switching.

Evolution of Packet Switching:

*Over the past decade data communication has been revolutionized by a radically new technology called packet switching.

* In1968 all data communication networks are circuit switching networks.

* Circuit switching networks preallocate transmission bandwidth for an entire cell.

* Interactive data traffic occurs in short bursts

90% ,bandwidthis wasted more.

Inexpensive

It became dramatically more cost effective .

In Packet switching concept transmission bandwidth is dynamically allocated, many users to share the same transmission line previously required for one user.

* Packet switching has been so successful: relibility and functional flexibility as well.

* In 1978 all new data networks built through out the world are based on packet switching.

* Voice communication to be revolutionized as well by packet switching Technology.

* In order to better understand both the past and future evolution of this fast moving technology.

2. Evolution of Circuit Switching:

A Circuit Switch connects the output of one circuit to the input of another.

* In circuit switching network terminals have full real time access to each other up to the bandwidth of Circuit. In 1981

Circuit were always connected over a physical facility such as pair of wires.

3. Message Switching:

*Message switching was the precursor of packet switching where messages were routed in their entirety, one hop at a time.

* Message switching systems are now a day's mostly implemented over packet switched or circuit switched data networks.each message is treated as separate entity.

Example: Conversation of several messages may not be transferred over the same path.each message is stored before being transmitted to the next switch. This also known as Store-and-Forward network. Email is a common application for message switching.