Why is bacterial gene regulation often transcriptional?
Bacterial gene regulation is often transcriptional in nature. Because there is not found separate compartment for transcription and translation in bacteria. The transcription amd translation processes are coupled in the bacteria. The translation process starts before the termination of transcription process. That's why there is found very less regulatory mechanism for translation because of transcription-translation coupled process. Hence generally the regulation is done at the transcriptional stages.
Explain the difference between translational, post-translational, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional gene regulation. Give brief examples of each.
Discuss possible reasons why transcriptional regulation or post-transcriptional regulation may have evolved for different types of genes.
Which of these is NOT a form of post-transcriptional gene regulation? a. Efficiency of ribosomes recognizing translational signals b. Polypeptide stability c. mRNA stability d. Release of the mRNA at termination e. None of these
What transcriptional regulation mechanism unique to mammals allows for selective gene expression from one allele only? Explain how this impacts expression of IGF2.
Transcriptional Regulation Gene activation/deactivation 1. what is histone acetylation? How does it affect gene expression? What else can happen to nucleosomes that affects gene expression? Do all the nucleosomes fall off the chromosome at once? 2. what is DNA methylation? How does it affect gene expression? Be able to discuss the examples of DNA methylation covered in class (X inactivation, imprinting). 3. Epigenetics. What is this, and how does it affect gene expression?
Transcriptional control of gene regulation is common in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Which of the following is not true? Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes: A. exhibit both positive and negative control. B. have repressors that impact expression. C. often requires interactions with DNA that is not proximal to structural genes. D. have genes that are closely related in function located proximally on a chromosome
Which is the factor(s) involved in the regulation of gene activity? Select one: a. Transcriptional repressor/activator proteins, which bind to the operator/enhancer sequence regions. b. SAM binding to a riboswitch mRNA. c. Alterations in mRNA conformations by SAM during the transcription. d. All of these. e. None of these.
Where does the following regulation happen? •transcriptional regulation •post-transcriptional regulation •post-translational regulation •miRNA/siRNA (mRNA degradation) •Ubiquitination/phosphorylation (protein degradation)
In eukaryotes, post-transcriptional control of gene regulation may involve Question 19 options: a. alternative mRNA splicing. b. alternative mRNA splicing, control of nuclear export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm, and differential mRNA degradation. c. control of nuclear export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. d. differential mRNA degradation.
Which of the following is not true regarding regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes? In eukaryotic cells, transcriptional activators often work by recruiting the transcriptional macinery to gene promoters DNA methylation is an example of an epigenetic mark that can be inherited Acetylation of histones can result in a more open chromatin structure to allow transcription to occur Different genes can be turned off or on between different organs or stages of development Transcription factor DNA sequences are bound by...