Question

Ecological systems theory by Urie Bronfenbrenner (1979) states that each child develops within the context of a system of relationships that form his or her environment. He has given a series of linked and interconnected social systems.

Name each of these systems, describe them (at least a one-line explanation) and give examples of what these systems would include in a child’s life.

Answer 1

Ecological system theor looks at child's development within the context of the system of relationship that for his or her environment.The interaction between factor's in the child maturing biology,his immediate family /community environment,and social land scape fuel and steer his development.Change or conflict in any one layer will ripple through out other layer ,to study a child development then we must look not only at child and her immediate environment but also at the interaction of larger environment as well.

The microsystem-Layer closest to the child and contain the structure with which the child has direct contact.Structure in microsystem include family,school,neighbourhood,child care environment.

The mesosystem-this laye provide connection with the structure of child's micro system.Eg.connection between child's teacher and his parent.

The exossystem-this layer define larger social system in which child does not function directly.paren workplace schedule or community-based family resources are example.child may not be directly involved at this level ,but he does feel positive or negative force involved with the interaction with his own system.

The macrosystem-considered as the outer most layer in child's environment,this layer comprised of cultural values ,customs and laws.The effect of larger principle defined by macro system have a cascading influence throughout the interaction of all other layer.

The chronosystem-the system encompases the dimension of time as it relate to child environment.Element within the system can be either external ,timing of child's parent death or internal such as psychological changes that occure with the aging of a child .As children get older,they may react differently to environmental changes and may be more able to determine more how that change will infuence them.