Question

1) how does low pH protect us from pathogens?

- changes energetics of metabolism

- disrupts cell membrane

- breaks up cell wall

- denatures proteins

2) complement can be activated by

- any cell lacking complement disrupting protein

- bacterial mannose residue

- antibodies bound near each other

- conserved pathogens associated pattern

- single antibody bound to surface

3) which of these most likely trigger interferon production?

- cytoplasmic PRRs

- endoplasmic PRRs

- surface PPRs

- nuclear PPR

- ribosomal PPRs

4) inflammation has not been triggered (not yet, atleast) and tgere's some debris in your liver( maybe dead cell that needs to be cleaned up) . what cell wil take care of the mess?

5) what is the general name for molecule thst summon the clean-up crew cells to site of damage or infection?

6 You would epect PPRs with a __________ location to trigger apoptosis; you would expect PRRs with a ______________ location to trigger a response that recruits more immune cells.( one word per blank, please)

Answer 1

ANSWERS:

1) The low pH destroys protein and DNA.

2) Complement can be activated by bacterial mannose residue.

There are three different pathways that activates the Complement system. These pathways are Classical, Lectin and Alternative pathway. Lectin pathway is activated by mannos-binding lectin. The mannos binding lectin is found to bind to mannose residues on the pathogen surface which causes the activation of serine proteases.

3) Cytoplasmic PRRs most likely trigger interferon production.

Cytoplasmic PRR senses viral RNA which in turn triggers type1 interferon production. This cytoplasmic PRRs are also known as RLR( RIG-1 like receptors).