Question

how are NOD like receptors involved in inflammasome formation and increased innate immune?

Answer 1

Inflammasome formation
Inflammasomes are a group of cytosolic multiprotein complexes, consisting of an upstream sensor protein of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family and the adaptor protein ASC. NLR proteins NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRP7, NLRC4, and the HIN-200 family member AIM2 have been reported to initiate the formation of an inflammasome. Upon stimulation with a diverse set of microbial or damage-associated molecular patterns, inflammasome assembly leads to the autocatalytic cleavage of caspase-1 and processing of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their mature and bioactive forms.Inflammasome activity is thought to require two sequential stimuli. The first stimulus drives transcription of the proforms of IL-1β and IL-18, while the second stimulus is required for the formation of the inflammasome complex

Increased innate immune response

the NLRs are cytosolic receptors involved in the detection of intracellular pathogens and endogenous byproducts of tissue injury . The NLRs are also known as a subgroup of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which act as innate immunity ‘sensors’ of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular pattern. Typically, the PAMPs recognized by NLRs are bacterial cell-wall derivates , microbial toxins , viruses and whole pathogenic microbial organisms .Therefore, NLRs act as key activators of innate immune responses which, upon detection of cell damage and infections, may lead to the expression and activation of stress kinases.