Question

Soybean Mutant FM6-847 Yield Performance in North Carolina

I want a summry and a result with conclution for this articsl please . thank you

I want a summry about soybean and its importance in US and worldwide

Answer 1

Soybean, Glycine max, is processed to be the world's most important source of animal protein feed and vegetable oil. In the United States, soybeans are the most planted field crop after corn. The United States has the highest land acreage under soybean cultivation with 77.2 million acres (31.2 million hectares) devoted to production in 2012. Brazil is close behind with 68.2 million acres (27.6 million hectares) followed by Argentina at 47.9 million acres (19.4 million hectares). According to 2013 USDA data, the major global producers are the United States, Brazil, Argentina, China, India, Paraguay, Canada, Uruguay, and Bolivia (United States Department of Agriculture, Economics Research Service, 2013).

As one of the first bioengineered crops to achieve commercial success, soybeans have become very popular among producers because of reduced production costs. However, because of currently held restrictions against bioengineered soybeans in Europe and Japan, there are potential ramifications for producers for resource use, marketing, and international trade. Although initial focus has been on traits that reduce production costs (e.g., herbicide resistance), enhanced functionality characteristics such as pest resistance, and high oleic, high stearate, and increased omega-3 will likely emerge. Currently, 94% of the soybeans grown in the United States are bioengineered while 89% and 100% of the soybeansgrown in Brazil and Argentina, respectively, are bioengineered (United States Department of Agriculture, Economics Research Service, 2013).

Historically, soybeans were likely first domesticated in the eastern half of north China around the eleventh century B.C. The five main plant foods of China included soybeans along with rice, wheat, barley, and millet. Production was localized in China until after the Chinese–Japanese war of 1894–1895 when soybean oil cake was imported by the Japanese for use as fertilizer. However, it is believed that some seed may have been sent from China as early as 1740 and planted in France. In 1908, shipments of soybean to Europe were made and the soybeans began to attract worldwide attention (Gibson & Benson, 2005).

Soybeans were first planted in the United States on a farm in Thunderbolt, Georgia by Henry Younge in 1765. During the 1880s, they were sometimes brought to the United States as inexpensive ballast that was later dumped to make room for cargo. Later, they were grown to make soy sauce or for use as “coffee berries” to brew coffee during the Civil War. The first reference that soybeans were tested by an agricultural school came from an 1879 report by the Rutgers Agricultural College in New Jersey. Early in the United States, soybeans were grown as a forage crop, but that changed in 1904 when George Washington Carver began studies of the soybeanat the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Soybean acreage in the United States grew very slowly until World War II and soybean fields in China were devastated by an internal revolution in the 1940s. Henry Ford developed soybean-based plastic in the 1940s and even built, in 1941, a prototype vehicle titled the “Soybean Car” out of such plastics (Hill, 2003; Woodyard, 2010).

Disruption of trade routes during World War II forced the United States to look for alternatives to edible fats and oils. This resulted in rapid expansion of soybean production with the result that the United States is among the world's largest producer and exporter of soybeans along with Brazil and Argentina. Main importers include China, the European Union, Japan, Mexico, the Philippines, and several Latin American countries.

Soybeans constitute the leading oil seed crop constituting 57% of the world's production. Soybeans are grown primarily for oil (ca. 19%) and protein (ca. 40%) contained in soybean meal. The protein is considered as a complete protein, which means that it contains significant amounts of all essential amino acids necessary for humans. Processing of soybeans results in a wide variety of products including adhesives, asphalts, resins, cosmetics, inks, paints, plastics, polyesters, textile fibers, salad dressings, meat substitutes, beverage powders, nondairy creamer, infant formulas, breads, breakfast cereals, pastas, tofu, and pet foods.