Question

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Application Question #7 – Mitosis is a term that describes the division of the nucleus and the cell’s genetic material. The division of a cell’s cytoplasm and plasma membrane is called cytokinesis. Explain the differences in cytokinesis between plant cells and animal cells.

A. How is cytokinesis achieved in animal cells? Explain:__________________________________

B. How is cytokinesis accomplished in plant cells? Explain:________________________________

Learning Objective V. Describe the role genes and mitosis in the development of Cancer (pages 145-146).

Application question #8 – The basis for the development of cancer in an organism is DNA changes (mutations) in genes responsible for regulating the cell cycle and mitosis. Cancerous tumors form when cells divide at a higher rate and without restrictions. Describe the role of Oncogenes and Tumor suppressor genes in the development of cancer.

a. Oncogenes:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Tumor suppressor genes:_______________________________________________________________

What human cells are haploid?  

Application Question #4 – Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle. It can last up to 98% of the life of a cell. Match the following events of interphase with the stage where they occur. Write next to the statements below G1, S, or G2, depending on when the described event occurs. (2 pts)

1. ____________________Centrosomes are duplicated

2._____________________ Increased accumulation of DNA building blocks, proteins, and energy sources

3. _____________________The cytoskeleton is dismantled to provide needed materials for the mitotic spindle

4.______________________ Chromosomes are duplicated, each now consisting of two sister chromatids

5.______________________ Also known as first gap, because little change is seen in the cell at this stage

6. _____________________Final preparation for cell division, more energy processing and protein synthesis

Answer 1

A. Cytokinesis in animal cell is guided by organized bundles of actin filaments . During cytokinesis the cytoplasm divides by a process called Cleavage . The cleavage furrow forms beacuse of contraction of a contractile ring made up of actin and myosin II actin filaments .

B. Plant cytokinesis differs from animal cytokinesis , beacuse of presence of rigid cell wall . Hence , instead of forming a clevage furrow , the cytoplasm is partitioned by the construction of the cell plate inside the cell . Then in late anaphase stage , an array of microtubules together with actin filaments assble in this plane and forms a cylinder like structure called Phragmoplasts and a new cell wall if formed .

V. A) oncogene : Genes for which a gain of function mutation drives a cell toward cancer .

B) Tumor suppressor gene : Genes for which a loss of function mutation creates the cancer .

4. 1) S phase

2. G1 phase

3. G2

4. S phase

5. G1

6 G2