Question

5. Which statement most accurately reflects what population geneticists refer to as "fitness"?

A. Fitness is a measure of an organisms ability to adapt to new environments

B. Fitness refers to the relative health of an individual in the population

C. Fitness is a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation.

D. Fitness reflects how strong an individual is when pitted against others of its species

7. The result of inbreeding is:

A. Evolutionary change

B. A reduction in heterozygosity

C. The maintenance of rare deleterious alleles in the population

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

8. Migration has the following effects on populations: A. Increases genetic variation within populations and increases genetic divergences between populations

B. Decreases genetic variation within populations and decreases genetic divergences between populations

C. Increases genetic variation within populations and decreases genetic divergences between populations

D. Decreases genetic variation within populations and increases genetic divergences between populations

9. When a population reaches mutational equilibrium there is no change in allele frequency. This happens because: A. The rate of alleles undergoing forward mutation is counterbalanced by the number of alleles undergoing reverse mutation

B. The rate of mutation slows down until it reaches zero

C. All individuals are heterozygous

D. All individuals are homozygous

Answer 1

Ans 5) The fitness is a measure of contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation. The fitness generally refers to how successful a genotype is and if it will be able to contribute to the next generation. The fitness generally helps in determining the number of offspring that an individual is able to produce and its ability to survive till a reproductive age. The genetics play an important role as it helps in finding out genotypically and reproductively an organism is fit.

Ans 7) None of the above

In breeding is a process where the offspring are produced from mating or inbreeding between organisms that are genetically close and related. As a result of inbreeding, it tends to cause genetic disorder and hence even increase the expression of recessive alleles which are harmful in nature. this leads to increase in homozygosity and hence it is more likely that offspring are affected by these recessive traits.

Ans 8) Decrease genetic variation within population and decrease genetic divergences between population

The migration tends to increase the gene flow between two population and hence it helps in maintaining the similarity between species. With the higher rate of migration, it tends to reduce the process of speciation and hence it leads to decrease in the genetic variation and divergence both within two populations.