Question

I need help with these questions chapter 16 Anatomy & Physiology

1.List the divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system

2.Explain the basic function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

3.The ANS maintains homeostasis- heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature, digestive processes, urinary functions

4.Describe the relationship between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons. Contrast somatic and autonomic motor neurons.

5.Describe the arrangement of sympathetic neurons and ganglia.

6.Describe the arrangement of parasympathetic neurons and ganglia..

7.Discuss the organization of the ENS.

Answer 1

Answer:

1.List the divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system?

The nervous system is composed of the following divisions and subdivisions

1. Central nervous system: it is subdivided into the brain & spinal cord

2. Peripheral nervous system: it is subdivided into the autonomic nervous system, somatic nervous system.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system and it is divided into two types,

1. Sympathetic nervous system
2. Parasympathetic nervous system

The sensory division of the peripheral nervous system is going to transmit the impulse to the central nervous system. The motor divisions are going to transmit impulse from away from the central nervous system.

The motor division is going to divide into somatic and autonomic systems. The “autonomic nervous system” includes the sensory nerve divisions and motor nerve divisions that connect the CNS and viscera including the several glands, and organs such as the heart, intestine, and stomach. The actions mediated by the autonomic nervous system cannot be controlled by will (occur subconsciously).

The spinal nerves and cranial nerves are together known as the “somatic nervous system.” The somatic neurons connect the CNS and the organs of periphery such as skin and skeletal muscles, as these are known as sensory divisions. Somatic efferent fibers (motor) conduct impulses from the central nervous system to the periphery.

2.Explain the basic function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

Autonomic nervous system mediates emotions, muscular activities via its sympathetic/parasympathetic divisions. These are the basic functions. ANS is crucial in mediating heart rate and heart rhythm persistently.

Autonomic nervous system is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems with both preganglionic and postganglionic divisions. Adrenaline, acetylcholine is potential neurotransmitters of these divisions.

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system and it is divided into two types,

1. Sympathetic nervous system
2. Parasympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system is also called the thoracolumbar division, as it contains the preganglionic neurons of the thoracolumbar outflow. The sympathetic nervous system is concerned with preparing the organism for emergency (fight or flight). Adrenaline release from this system could enhance the energy expenditure.

The parasympathetic nervous system is also called the craniosacral division, as it contains the preganglionic neurons of the craniosacral outflow. It is mostly concerned with vegetative functions, such as motility and secretions of the gastrointestinal tract. This system is essential for normal existence. The activity of this nervous system always restores the energy by initiating more macromolecule synthesis.