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How are B cells stimulated to make antibodies, what determines the isotype of antibody made and...

  1. How are B cells stimulated to make antibodies, what determines the isotype of antibody made and what are the different functions of these isotypes?
  2. what would be the immune response following infection with an extracellular bacteria?
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Answer #1

After binding of the antigen to the B cell receptor cause cell to divide and proliferate .some stimulated B cells become plasma cells which secretes antibodies.Another become memory cells which later time differntiatdi into plasma cells.

Antibodies are classified into 5 isotypes IgA, IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE etc. according to type of heavy chain they contain alpha, mu, delta, gamma, epsilon respectively. These are differ in constant domains, hinge structure and valncy of antibody.

In case of extracellular bacteria humoral immune response is given by activating T and B cell . B cell secretes antibodies against bacteria.

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