Question

*epidemiology*

What were/are the disease distributions,determinants and frequency? (malaria"

Was/is this disease outbreak endemic,epidemic or pandemic? Why?

Answer 1

The endemic disease refers to the type of disease wherein there occurs the continous presence of the infectious agent or the disease in a particular geographic area or in a group of population. The endemic disease can be further categories into two category :

1. Hyperendemic: It is the state wherein there is high level of prevelance of disease.
2. Holoendemic : In this type, the disease occurs only in the early stage of life and affects most of the population. The example of such disease is malaria.

The endemicity of the malaria can be ascertain by the geographic distribution of the vector that is anopheline mosquito that causes this disease.

The critical density estimates the average number of the bite of mosquito to per person per night. Decline in the critical density of an area shows that the malaria may eventually disappear from that particular area. the assesment of critical density should include the following:

• The number of mosquitoes
• The feeding preference of mosquito
• The frequency of feeding
• The life expectancy of mosquito.

An epidemic disease refers to the type of disease that occurs in a community or a regoin when there is excess occurrence of the number of cases of an illness if compared to the expected or usual number of cases. For example occurrence of polio.

Pandemic disease refers to the type of disease wherein there occurs large scale outbreaks which greatly increases the mortality or morbidity in a wide geographical area.