Question

Identify a major public infrastructure project that is either underway, complete, or proposed in your region. This could be a bridge, road, building, or something of that nature. For the project you have identified, think of as many stakeholders and stakeholder groups as you can. Create a three-column table. In column 1, list the stakeholders. In column 2, list what each stakeholder wants to get from the project. In column 3, list the influence each stakeholder has over the project.

How can the stakeholders change over the course of a project? Give examples of changes in who the stakeholders are, and also in how their interests or influence over the project might change throughout the term of the project.

Answer 1

Infrastructure project in my region - a FLYOVER

Each infrastructure project in the vicinity has to be supported by various Internal and External factors which are collectively known as stakeholders.

Internal stakeholders are those which are internal to a business and can influence the working of the company from inside. Examples of these could be - Staff or Employees, Directors, Shareholders.

On the other side the external stakeholders are - Government, Clients or Customers, Banks, Local Community which influence the project from the outside - indirectly.

Below you will find a table depicting the various Stakeholders, their needs from the project and the influence that each one can cause to the project:

Stakeholder	Needs	Influence
Employees	Good appraisal	The work that each employee contributes to the project is always appreciated with a good appraisal at the end of the financial year. If the same is not done, they might just stop working towards the project and can go on strike, bringing everything to a standstill.
Directors	Good bonus	They are the major key players in the project. Most of the decisions are taken by them and have all the powers to allow or discard any task in hand. Hence, if they are not happy with the overall bonus that they should receive at the completion of the project they might just start negating all the primary decisions that are to be taken in favor of building the flyover.
Shareholders	Good dividend	They are the ones that have the decision making power with them indirectly. Hence if they are of the opinion that their shares in the company which is making the flyover will not return to them a good dividend amount they might just disagree with the whole concept of this project. Whenever all the shareholders meet they can always collectively take up a decision that is not in favor of building the flyover
Government	Well connected roads	Externally this one plays the major role in influencing the project. Even if one of the rules of the government are not followed, they can levy sanctions on the project which might lead to delay in the construction. Their primary motive is to have a well connected road network with the flyover thus made, but if the government feels that the same is made without keeping in mind the benefits of the public, they might just stop its construction.
Customers	Less Traffic	They are the end users of the final product of the company, hence if they feel that the flyover is not helping in reducing the total time needed to travel or is not reducing the overall traffic on the roads, they might just oppose the whole idea of constructing the same by doing protests and attracting media attention towards it.
Banks	On time payment of loans	Most of the companies now a days take loans from banks to support their project's financial needs. Hence if a bank feels that the repayment of the loan will be a hassle for the company they might just refuse giving the loan in the first place. Secondly, if the company is not able to re-pay the EMI on time, banks have the ability to take back the given amount and also impose some legal actions against the company. which inadvertently will stop/delay the project.
Local Community	Hassle free construction	These are those who stay in the nearby vicinity where the flyover is to be constructed, hence, these all have the indirect control over the making of the flyover. If the people feel that the construction may lead to pollution from the dust or noise from the construction or cutting down of trees, they might just report the same to the concerned local government which shall take appropriate actions to either stop the construction or allow the company to rectify the same which might cause delay to the building of the flyover.

Hence, all these factors whether Internal or External to a company have the power to influence the project based on their specific needs or interests that they foresee from the project - which is building a flyover in this case.