A cross-sectional study was conducted on the association between passive smoke inhalation and the occurrence of dental caries in children. (Passive smoke exposure occurs when children live with family members who smoke.) The investigators thought that conclusions from this study were limited because of the cross-sectional nature of the data. Suppose that they asked you for advice and you told them that they should have conducted a prospective cohort study because it is a better study design. The investigators take your advice and hire you to help them design a new prospective cohort study. They want to know what type of cohort they should use to assemble the exposed population. Which type of cohort is the best for this situation?
| a. |
Special cohort |
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| b. |
Case cohort |
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| c. |
General cohort |
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| d. |
Experimental cohort |
A cross-sectional study was conducted on the association between passive smoke inhalation and the occurrence of...
EPIDEMIOLOGY QUESTION Investigators conducted a study to compare measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine history among 1,200 children with developmental disorder and 4,400 children without such disorders. (They found no association.) This is an example of which type of study? A. Case-control B. Cohort C. Cross-Sectional D. Clinical trial
1. Cross-sectional study can not measure Incidence risk Prevalence Seroprevalence 2. Which study you generally conduct if you are interested in studying the risk factors of diabetes in a population in an ethically and scientifically convincing way? Case-Control Cross-sectional study Experimental study Cohort study 3. Prevalence of disease in exposed is not different than the prevalence of exposure among diseased False True 4. Sero-prevalence study is also called Cross-sectional study Cohort study Experimental study Case reports 5. Which one of...
18. A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of asbestos exposure on lung cancer among employees at Factory A. In 2016, a group of 35,091 employees who worked at the factory from 1968 to 1994 and had cancer follow-up data available through 2015 were included in the study. Asbestos exposure was defined categorically based on whether the employee worked on site (exposed) or in the management building nearby (unexposed). The incidence rate among those who worked on site was...
A study examined the association between lung cancer and working in an asbestos plant. Although the asbestos plant closed 10 years ago, researchers pulled past employment records to confirm employment. They divided the company employees into two groups: those directly exposed on the production line and those who worked in other areas of the plant, not directly working with asbestos. The researchers then looked at medical records to see if the exposed and unexposed groups were currently diagnosed with lung...
A different group of researchers conducted a similar cross-sectional study to examine the association between regular alcohol consumption (exposure) and liver cirrhosis (outcome) but used a different study sample. They obtained a prevalence ratio (PR) of disease of 1.60 for the association between alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the prevalence ratio (PR)? a) The risk of liver cirrhosis among regular alcohol consumers of alcohol is 1.6 times that of non-regular alcohol...
Choose the study design that best matches each statement described below. The study design may be used more than once or none at all. (24 points) Statement Study Design ____ Blinding or masking is used to control potential bias. Case-Control ____ Observational epidemiological studies, this design is cheaper and faster to conduct because of the usage of already existing data. Cross-sectional ____ Control groups can receive the current “standard” treatment or a placebo. Ecological ____ Data on exposure and outcome...
Match the following excerpts with the appropriate epidemiologic study design. (Study design may be used more than once or none at all.) (8 points) Excerpt Study Design ____ Conduct one telephone interview with a random sample of 2,000 women who gave birth in Hillsborough County anytime during 1998. Question the women about any congenital birth defects in their babies born during 1998 and on whether they were exposed to cigarette smoke during the first trimester of their pregnancy. Case-Control Cross-Sectional...
MATCHING A. RCT B. Cross sectional study C. Retrospective Cohort study D.. Prospective Cohort study E. Case control study 1. A large group of people are enrolled in a study to investigate the effects of diet on heart disease Everyone isfree of heart disease at the start of the study and people are followedfor10 yearsto see if disease develops. What study design is this? 2. Researchers wishto investigate the association between complications during Caesarian section delivery and hospital of choice....
37. You just read a study that revealed an association between liver cancer and exp chemicals in the workplace. They examined people with liver cancer and peo cancer and asked where they worked, how long they had worked at their place what possible chemicals they may have been exposed to. You decided this w a. cohort study c. expe b. case control study d. quas 38. You also remembered that one of the cons of this type of design was:...
5. Question 5 is based on the following abstract: Objectives. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between community water fluoridation (CWF) and intelligence (IQ) in New Zealand. Methods. We conducted a study of a general population sample of those born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1, 1972, and March 30, 1973 (95.4% retention after 38 years of follow- up). Residence in a CWF area, use of fluoride dentifrice and intake of 0.5-milligram fluoride tablets were assessed in early...