Question

Photosynthesis:

Reactions: Light dependent, light independent

​Where do they occur in the organelle?

​Summary of what occurs during the reactions, major products

​Process of photorespiration

​CAM and C4 plants as compared to C3 plants – examples of each

Also for the mitosis part,

what are Examples of cells that divide constantly, divide occasionally and do not divide?

Cancer cells – how are they different from normal cells?

Oncogenes, faulty suppressor genes, apoptosis

Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma

​I don't have good notes for this part!

thank you!

Answer 1

Photosynthesis is the process by which plant cell harvest solar energy to produce ATP and NADPH which are they used to synthesise glucose molecules by undertaking atmospheric carbon dioxide fixation.

It is divided into two stages, light reaction and dark reaction.

Feature	light reaction	dark reaction
Definition	solar energy is harvested to produce ATP and NADPH	ATP and NADPH are used to produce glucose from atmospheric carbon dioxide
Organelle	thylakoid membrane of chloroplast	stroma of chloroplast
Input	solar energy, ADP, NADP+	atmospheric carbon dioxide, ATP, NADPH
Output	ATP, NADPH,O2	glucose molecules
Stages	excitation of chlorophyll, photolysis of water, release of Oxygen and synthesis of ATP and NADPH	carbon fixation and regeneration of RuBP

Photorespiration

It is the process which occurs due to oxygenase activity of rubisco in C3 plants. It occurs in peroxisomes, mitochondria and chloroplast. It is also called as C2 cycle. The first stable product is a to carbon phosphoglycolate. IT results in 25% wastage of carbon dioxide and uses ATP as well without synthesizing Sugars. Therefore it is also considered as a wasteful Process. But it is important because it prevents photo oxidation of chlorophyll by channelizing energy. It takes place in high light intensity, high temperature, high oxygen concentration and low carbon dioxide concentration.

Types of photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle -

	C3	C4	CAM
Definition	Present in all plants and is therefore Universal cycle It is called as C3 cycle because first product is a three carbon compound phosphoglyceric acid	present only in C4 plants It is called as C4 cycle because first product is a 4 carbon compound acetic Acid or malic acid	present only in succulents all the members belonging to family crassulaceae It is known as crassulacean acid metabolism because it occurs in the members of crassulaceae family
Primary electron acceptor	RuBP	PEP	PEP
Primary product	phosphoglyceric acid	oxaloacetic acid or malic acid	oxaloacetic acid or malic acid
Example	rice wheat	sorghum barley	aloevera bryophyllum
		Distributed in space because it occurs in bundle sheet cell and mesophyll cell	Distributed in time because scotoactive and photoactive stomata is present

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