Question

Project 4-4 In this hands-on project, you make and view links to files and directories.

Switch to a command-line terminal (tty2) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2 and log in to the terminal using the user name of root and the password of secret.

At the command prompt, type cd samples and press Enter. Next, type ls -F at the command prompt and press Enter. What files do you see? Next, type ls -l at the command prompt and press Enter. What is the link count for the sample1 file?

At the command prompt, type ln sample1 hardlinksample and press Enter. Next, type ls -F at the command prompt and press Enter. Does anything in the ter- minal output indicate that sample1 and hardlinksample are hard-linked? Next, type ls -l at the command prompt and press Enter. Does anything in the terminal output indicate that sample1 and hardlinksample are hard-linked? What is the link count for sample1 and hardlinksample? Next, type ls -li at the command prompt and press Enter to view the inode numbers of each file. Do the two hard-linked files have the same inode number?

At the command prompt, type ln sample1 hardlinksample2 and press Enter. Next, type ls -l at the command prompt and press Enter. What is the link count for the files sample1, hardlinksample, and hardlinksample2? Why?

At the command prompt, type vi sample1 and press Enter. Enter a sentence of your choice into the vi editor, then save your document and quit the vi editor.

6. At the command prompt, type cat sample1 and press Enter. Next, type cat hardlinksample at the command prompt and press Enter. Next, type cat hard- linksample2 at the command prompt and press Enter. Are the contents of each file the same? Why?

7. At the command prompt, type ln –s sample2 symlinksample and press Enter. Next, type ls -F at the command prompt and press Enter. Does anything in the ter- minal output indicate that sample2 and symlinksample are symbolically linked? Which file is the target file? Next, type ls -l at the command prompt and press Enter. Does anything in the terminal output indicate that sample2 and symlinksample 4 are symbolically linked? Next, type ls -li at the command prompt and press Enter to view the inode numbers of each file. Do the two symbolically linked files have the same inode number?

8. At the command prompt, type vi symlinksample and press Enter. Enter a sentence of your choice into the vi editor, then save your document and quit the vi editor.

9. At the command prompt, type ls -l and press Enter. What is the size of the sym- linksample file compared to sample2? Why? Next, type cat sample2 at the com- mand prompt and press Enter. What are the contents and why?

10. Atthecommandprompt,typeln–s/etc/sysconfig/network-scriptsnetscripts and press Enter. Next, type ls -F at the command prompt and press Enter. What file type is indicated for netscripts? Next, type cd netscripts at the command prompt and press Enter. Type pwd at the command prompt and press Enter to view your current directory. What is your current directory? Next, type ls -F at the command prompt and press Enter. What files are listed? Next, type ls -F /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts at the command prompt and press Enter. Note that your netscripts directory is merely a pointer to the /etc/sysconfig/network- scripts directory. How can this type of linking be useful?

11. Type exit and press Enter to log out of your shell.

Answer 1

1. Switch to a command-line terminal (tty2) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2 and log in to the ter- minal using the user name of root and the password of LNXrocks!.

Login success.

2. At the command prompt, type touch permsample and press Enter. Next, type chmod 777 permsample at the command prompt and press Enter.

touch command is used to create empty, new files.chmod for changing the permission , there are3 classes - Owner, Group and others .3 actions we can do on any file those are - read, write execute. 777 means can do write, execute and read actions on file.
Read is 4
write is 2
Execute is 1
no permission - 0

3. At the command prompt, type ls -l and press Enter. Who has permissions to this file?

ls command is used to list the files -l opion for long listing format.Ownwer ,group and others all can access the file and can perfrm read , write and execute actions.

4. At the command prompt, type chmod 000 permsample and press Enter. Next, type
ls –l at the command prompt and press Enter. Who has permissions to this file?

chmod 000 permsample --changes the permission , 0- means no permissiones ,nobody can access the file.

5. At the command prompt, type rm –f permsample and press Enter. Were you able to
delete this file? Why?

yes able to delete this file, rm command is used to delete the file and -f option is force delete.

6. At the command prompt, type cd / and press Enter. Next, type pwd at the command prompt and press Enter. What directory are you in? Type ls –F at the command prompt and press Enter. What directories do you see?

cd is for chnage directory. pwd prints the present working directory , now am in / directory .ls -F list the directories of root ,please refere attachment for the list of directories.

Please find the screenshot