Question

One of your clients in post-operative unit complains of severe pain on his surgical site.

Q;1.1) List a Non-opioid medication that could be given to manage pain.

When to withhold non-opioid medication?

Q:1.2) List an Opiod medication that could be given to manage pain.

When to withhold an Opioid medication?

Answer 1

Non- opioid Medcation to pain management

Aspirin

Ibuprofen

Naproxen

Celecoxib

Gabapentin

Pregabalin

Side effects of Non- opioid

Nausea, vomiting, head ache, insomnia, liver damage, surgical thoughts, swelling in the hands and feets, weight gain, blurred vision, and suicidal thoughts

if the above mentioned side effects become severe Non-opiods should be withhold.

..............................................................................................................................................................

List of opiod medications

Tramadol

Codeine with acetaminophen

Hydrocordone

Morphine

Hydromorphone

Oxycodone

Morphine is the standard choice for opiates and is widely used. It has a rapid onset of action with peak effect occurring in 1 to 2 hours.

All opioids have significant side effects that limit their use. The most important side effect is respiratory depression that could result in hypoxia and respiratory arrest. Hence, regular monitoring of respiration and oxygen saturation is essential in patients on opioids postoperatively.

Longer-term use of opioids can lead to dependence and addiction. Once the patient is able to tolerate oral intake, oral opioids can be initiated and continued after discharge from the hospital.

Side effects of opioids

Diziness, nausea, drowsiness, vomiting, dry mouth, respiratory depression, constipation, addiction and misuse

If the above mentioned sideeffects become severe the opiods should be withhold.