Question

multiple choice questions

32. All of the following are standard tests used for the diagnosis and prediction of response to treatment of hepatitis C except:

(A) Hepatitis C antibody [EIA]

(B) Patient IL-28B genotype testing

(C) Hepatitis C antigen

(D) Hepatitis C genotype

(E) Hepatitis C RNA by polymerase chain reaction or transcription-mediated

amplification

33. Which of the following is not associated with accelerated disease progression in hepatitis C?

(A) alcohol use

(B) coinfection with hepatitis B

(C) coinfection with HIV

(D) disease acquisition later in life

(E) hepatitis C RNA level

34. The epidemiological and molecular data collected about the hepatitis D virus suggest that this virus is:

(A) a defective virus

(B) a retrovirus

(C) able to replicate autonomously

(D) an incomplete variant of Hepatitis B virus

(E) transmitted by contaminated food and water

35. The epidemiological and molecular data collected about the Hepatitis C virus suggest that this virus:

(A) can only replicate when co-infecting a cell with Hepatitis B virus

(B) is a member of the picornavirus family

(C) is associated with acute, self-limiting forms of hepatitis

(D) is a leading indication for liver transplantation in the US

(E) is spread in ways similar to Hepatitis A virus

37. All of the following are true respect to vaccination against polio virus EXCEPT:

A) Both a live attenuated trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) and a killed, inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are available.

B) OPV is reserved for use in control of wild-type polio virus outbreaks and for persons who travel to polio-endemic areas when there is insufficient time to complete the full immunization schedule with IPV.

C) OPV is recommended for persons with compromised immune function and household contacts of an immunocompromised individual.

D) IPV is the vaccine of choice for all children.

E) IPV is given in four doses at 2 months, 4 months, 6-18 months and 4-6 years of age.

38. The following features made smallpox an eradicable disease EXCEPT: A) Considerable savings to developed non-endemic countries

B) No cultural or social barriers to case tracing and control

C) No carrier state

D) Subclinical infections not a source of infection E) Easily diagnosed

F) No animal reservoir

G) Infection confers long-term immunity

H) Many stable serotypes

I) Effective vaccine available

J) A severe disease with morbidity and mortality

40. All of the following would be consistent with the classification of a virus as a new human rhinovirus EXCEPT

A) These viruses are transmitted mainly by contact.

B) These viruses exhibit a short incubation period.

C) Contrary to popular belief, oral secretions resulting from sneezing or coughing do not have very high titers of virus; therefore, these are not a likely source of infectious virus. Nasal secretions have much higher titers of virus.

D) This group of viruses exhibit several unique properties: they are extremely stable over a wide temperature range ( 70oC to 37oC), their optimum temperature for growth is higher than most viruses and, like other enteroviruses, they are very stable at low pH, a characteristic that gives them a replicative advantage.

E) These viruses remained localized and replicate at the site of entry, the epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract. Viremia does not occur. No virus spreads to extra respiratory sites.

41. The WHO has identified polio as the next candidate disease for total world-wide eradication based on the fact that it shares the following properties with smallpox EXCEPT:

A) Effective vaccine is available

B) No carrier state

C) Infection confers long-term immunity

D) No animal reservoir

E) Easily diagnosed by virtue of a distinctive rash

F) No cultural or social barrier to case tracing and control

G) A severe disease with morbidity and mortality

H) Limited number of stable serotypes

I) Subclinical infections are not a source of infection

J) Eradication from developed countries demonstrated its feasibility

Answer 1

Answer to question number 33 is E (Hepatitis C RNA level)

hepatitis C RNA level also called as viral load tells the number of viral RNA particles in the blood. So, it is a test used to confirm the disease. It is not associated  with accelerated disease progression.

whereas,

A)alcohol use speeds up the disease progression by development of liver cirrhosis or liver cancer.

B)co infection with hepatitis B also associated with disease progression and it can also leads to liver cancer.

C)co infection with HIV causes faster progression of the liver damage and also leads to AIDS.

D)disease acquisition in later life accelerates the disease progression as in old age the blood flow within the liver becomes less making it more susceptible to fibrosis.