Question

please answer All the multiple choice questions in the pic (all pics) i dont need a explantion .

22 Using a bacteriophage to pass DNA rom bacterium to another O A) Transduction O B) Transformation C) Translocation O D) Translation 23. What research did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the elucidation of the double helix structure of DNA? O O O A) Principles of base pairing B) Biochemical data C) Bacterial transformation data D) X ray crystallography

Answer 1

21). C. Transformation

Transformation is a process where cells are made to take up foreign DNA (contained in a plasmid) that is used to alter the characteristics of a cell. This is the only appropriate option since translation is the process of converting RNA to protein, translocation is change is the position of genes and transmutation is the transformation of species into another.

22).A. Transduction

Transduction is defined as the process of transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another via a bacteria-infecting virus known as bacteriophage.

23) D. Rosalind Franklin

Rosalind Elsie Franklin was an English, woman scientist and X-ray crystallographer whose work was essential for the understanding of the molecular structure of DNA.

24). C. Nucleosome

The nucleosome is the basic repeating unit of chromatin. it consists of approximately two turns of DNA wrapped around the histone octamer(a set of 8 histone proteins).

25). A. within the polynucleotide chain

Endonucleases are a class of enzymes that cuts DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within the molecules. These sites are called restriction sites.

26) B. Non-coding genes

DNA fingerprinting detects a number of minisatellites in the genome to identify a pattern that is unique to an individual.

27). A. probe

It is a single-stranded molecule of specific sequence that is used to identify a molecule with a complementary sequence.

28). C. seek and destroy

CRISPR cas9 consists of a single-stranded RNA molecule to attach to a target and a protein complex that cleaves the target.

29). D. Bacterial defence from viral infections

Originally CRISPR cas9 was found in Bacteria in order to defend the bacterial cells from viral infections.

30).C. Both A and B

options stated in A and B could be the possible outcomes of gene editing and designing babies with desirable genetic characteristics. It may also lead to less variation, loss of important genes and affordable only by the rich.

31) B. a plasmid or virus carrying genetic material

A vector is a carrier that transports modified genes into a cell by the process of transformation. Plasmids and viral vectors are the most commonly used vectors in genetic engineering.

32). A) rot-resistant tomato

The first agriculture to be produced by recombinant DNA technology is Flavr Savr tomato, that had enhanced shelf life.

33). D. Denaturation, annealing extension

PCR or polymerase chain reaction is the process of in-vitro replication of DNA. It involves 3 steps:

Denaturation is the process of melting the DNA double-strands to produce 2 single strands, annealing is the process of attaching of the primer to the DNA strands and extension is the process of attaching complementary nucleotides to the growing strand by the polymerase enzyme.

34).A. reverse transcriptase

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme present usually in viruses to produce the respective DNA molecule using RNA as the template.

35).B. Calcium chloride

Calcium chloride (CaCl2) transformation is one of the techniques for the transformation of a cell. the chemical increases the permeability of the prokaryotic cell to uptake plasmid DNA.

36).A. The cells which take up plasmid are drug-resistant.

Although all the options seem true, the cell which takes up the plasmid is not always drug-resistant (may contain other types of selectable markers).

37).B Operon is defined as a set of similar genes that are under the control of a single promoter. It codes for a set of proteins that code for similar functions and is regulated together.

38). C. code for enzyme for the metabolism of lactose sugar.

The lac operon is present in organisms that are capable of utilising the lactose sugar as energy in the absence of glucose. Therefore it consists of genes to metabolise lactose.

39). A. gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which the information encoded in the gene undergoes transcription and translation to synthesise gene products called proteins.

40). B. Repressor protein

The most suitable option is Repressor protein since the question mentions "DNA/RNA binding protein".A repressor molecule binds to the regulatory domain to prevent the expression of a gene.

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