Question

Trang Ngoc, a 35-year-old woman, reports pain on urination , pain in the public area, and the need for frequent urination. Trang also says that the need to urinate is urgent and that her urine is foul smelling. 1. When Trang comes to the ambulatory care setting , what questions will you ask ? 2. What tests might be ordered for diagnosis ? 3. What preventative measure might Trang take in the future?

Answer 1

1. Questions asked to Trang ngoc.

              * When the pain started ?

              * Is this the first time you develop pain on urination ?

              * Do you have any kidney diseases?

              * Are you take any medicine for control pain on urethra?

              * How much water you take daily?

2.Tests ordered for diagnosis.

              * Urine sample analysis.(Detect signs of infection)

              * Urine culture.(Detect pathogens present in urine)

              * Blood culture.(Detect pathogens which cause infection.)

              * Cystoscopy.(Endoscopic examination inside of urethra and bladder to detect infections.)

3. Preventive measures for Trang.

              * Drinking water daily to prevent urinary tract infections.

              * Use vitamin C containing foods to maintain acidity of urine to avoid infections.

              * Avoid voluntary control of urine when urge arises it result in retension of urine and

                create an environment for bacterial growth.

           * After urination clean the area from front to back to avoid microorganisma enter into

                the urethra.

             * Maintain good sexual hygiene.

         * Use probiotics which are helpful bacterias useful to maintain health of body systems.