Question

1,What is the cause of a febrile, non-hemolytic transfusion reaction? What are the symptoms of this type of transfusion reaction? What is the treatment for a febrile, non-hemolytic transfusion reaction?

2, What are the different types of transfusion reactions? Their causes and symptoms?

3, Which is the most severe type of transfusion reaction? What causes them and how often do they occur?

4,What are the signs and symptoms of a hemolytic reaction?

5, What are the immediate steps that should be taken if a patient experiences a reaction, regardless of the type, during the administration of blood?

6, How does chemotherapy affect a patient's bone marrow function?

Answer 1

ANS. 1. Cause of febrile, non-hemolytic transfusion reaction is the accumulation of cytokines in the product during storage.

symptoms include fever, hives, itching, hypotension.

treatment - paracetamol or oral acetaminophen (325-500 mg) may be administered.

*avoid aspirin because it has adverse effects on the platelets.

ANS. 2. Different types of transfusion reactions are -

• TRALI i.e. transfusion-related acute lung injury
• allergic reactions
• circulatory overload
• Acute hemolytic reactions.
• Nonhemolytic febrile reactions.

SYMPTOMS -

TRALI

• severe hypoxemia
• hypotension
• fever

ALLERGIC REACTIONS

• redness
• itching
• sneezing

CIRCULATORY OVERLOAD

• dyspnea
• orthopnea
• peripheral edema

ACUTE HEMOLYTIC REACTIONS

• fever
• chills

NON HEMOLYTIC FEBRILE REACTIONS

• Fever
• hives
• itching
• hypotension

ANS. 3. The most severe type of transfusion reaction is Acute hemolytic reactions. the most common cause of this is ABO incompatibility due to human error.

ANS. 4. Signs and symptoms of a hemolytic reaction

back pain, red urine, chills dizziness, fever, flank pain, shortness of breath, itching, and skin flushing.