Question

The first step in the breakdown of glucose during glycolysis is a) removal ofa molecule of water c) removal of an atom of oxygen e) addition of an atom of oxygen b) addition of a hydrogen on d) addition of a phosphate group The oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from the breakdown of... a)water b)glucose c) PGAL d)carbon dioxide e) all orthe above to power the The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis use fixation of carbon. and a) ATP & NADP b)ATP & NADPH c)ATP & NAD )ATP&NADH ) ADP & phosphate Which statement is not characteristic of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis? a) It occurs in the thylakoids of the chloroplasts c) Physical energy is converted to chemical energy b) Reduction takes place. d) Carbon fixation occurs. A segment of DNA is replicated. If he original sgment reads S-CGATTC3', the new will read During the cloning of a gene... a) genes are cuf with restriction enzymes, and inserted into bacterial plasmids b) holes are created in the bacterial cells. e) colour markers or antibiotic resistance genes are attached to the gene. d) b, and c only Restriction enzymes a) cut DNA at specific base sequences. c) punch holes in the bacterial cell membrane.d) join plasmids to chromosomes. b) proof-read DNA during replication. DNA polymerase a) unwinds the double helix during DNA replication. b) untangles snarls in the new DNA strands. c) catalyses the synthesis of a new DNA strand and proof-reads the strand d) performs excision repair in RNA. e) prevents twisting and knotting of the old DNA strand DNA is composed of... a) pyrimidines, purines, phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugar b) pyrimidines, purines, phosphate groups and ribose sugar. c) ribosomes, tRNA, mRNA. d) proteins only e) amino acids only Which of the following mutations would be expected to have the most harmful effect on the resulting protein? a) a base deletion near the start codon. c) a three-base addition near the stop codon. d) a base substitution. b) a base deletion near the stop codon.

Answer 1

1)   Addition of phosphate group

In the first of glycolyisis phosphate group is added converting glucose to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate which ids done by phosphorylation reaction

2) Water

Water is the main source of oxygen in the photosynthesis where the water molecules breaks down releasing hydrogen and oxygen where the hydrogen combines with carbon from carbon dioxide to form glucose molecules and the rest for oxygen form water is released in atmosphere.

3) ATP and NADPH

The ATP and NADPH form light reaction are reduce in the Calvin cycle to NADP+ and ADP which is cyclic reaction which again enters the light reaction and gets converted to ATP and NADPH

4) Carbon fixation

Carbon fixation occurs by RUBISCo (Ribulose 1,5 biphosphate carboxylate) it uses ATP and NADPH as fuel source derived from light dependent reaction. The purpose of calvin cycle is to generate glucose.