Question

4. What is the therapeutic action for isoproterenol and explain its adverse effects when administrating this drug?

Answer 1

My question is what is the therapeutic action of isoproterenol and explain ots adverse effect when administration its drug?

before expalining therapeutic action of isoproterenol let us first know what is therapeutic action or effect - therapeutic effect means how drug work positively in the body in disease state.

Now let us know about the drug isoproterenol

Drug class - nonselective Beta Adrenergic Agonist.

Indication- 1. For serious episodes of heart block and adams-stokes attacks (except when caused by ventricular trachycardia)

2. For mild or transient episodes of heart block that do nt require electric shock.

3. For use in cardiac arrest until until electric shock or pacemaker therapy.

4. For bronchospasm occuring during anesthesia.

5. As an adjunct to fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy and the use of other drugs and procedures in the treatment of hypovolemic and septic shock, low cardiac output states , cognitive heart failure , and cardiogenic shock.

Now comes to therapeutic effect of Isoproteronol-

1. Bronchodilator action .

2. Cardiac stimulant action.

1. Bronchodilator action - Isoproteronol relaxes bronchial smooth muscels by direct action on beta₂- adrenergic receptors , relieving bronchospasm , increasing vital capacity , decreasing residual volume in lungs , and facilitating passage of pulmonary secretions.

Peripheral vasodilation , cardiac stimulatiob and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle are the main therapeutic effects.

2. Cardiac stimulant action - Isoproteronol acts on beta₁- adrenergic receptors in the heart , producing a positive chronotropic and inotropic effect ; it usually increases cardiac output .

( * chronotropic effect - are those that change the heart rate and inotrope is an agent that alters the force or energy of muscular contraction . Positively inotropic agents increses the strenght of muscular contraction ).

In patient with AV block , isoproyeronol shortens conduction time and the refractory period of the AV node and increases the rate and strenght of ventricular contraction.

( cardiac conduction system - is a group of specialized cardiac muscel cells in the walls of the heart that sends signals to the heart muscle causing it to contract - time required in sending signal is called conduction time .

Refractory period- After an action potential initiates , the cardiac cell is unable to initiate another action potential for some duration of time . This period of time is reffered to as the refractory period , which is 250ms in duration .)

ADVERSE EFFECT OF ISOPROTERONOL-

central nervous system- headache, mild tremor , weekness, dozziness, nervousness , insomnia.

cardiovascular system - palpitations , tachycardia , anginal pain , arrythmias , cardiac arrest , rapid increase and decrese in blood pressure , stokes- adams attacks .

gastrointestinal system- nausea , vomiting , heartburn.

metabolic system - hyperglycemia.

respiratory system - bronchospasm , bronchitis , sputum increase, pulmonary edema .

others - swelling of parotid glands .