Question

CASE STUDY A vocardial Infarction Ms. X., aged 55 years, has been complaining of severe fatigue indigestion." Her son is quite concerned and decides to take her to the emergency department. On arrival she appears very anxious, and her facial skin is cool and clammy; her blood ssure is 90/60, and the pulse is around 90, weak, and irregular She is given oxygen, an intravenous line is opened, and leads for ECG are attached. Blood is taken for determination of serum enzymes and electrolytes. Tentative diagnosis is myocardial infarction involving the left ventricle. Her son provides informa- tion that indicates Ms. X is a long-time smoker, has a stressful job as a high school teacher, is recently separated after 20 years of marriage, and is fearful of losing the family home. She has also seemed to be more fatigued and stopped going to the gym about 18 months ago. She has begun to rely on "fast foods" like pizza and fried chicken and cooks infrequently. Her father had died of a heart attack at age 50. She had also noticed more fatigue and intermittent leg pain when walking or climbing stairs at work. Generalized atherosclerosis is suspected 1. List the high-risk factors for atherosclerosis in this patient's history infarction. history was really angina. Explain how this pain may have 2. Describe how atherosclerosis causes myocardial 3. It is suspected that the indigestion reported in the occurred. 4. Explain each of the admitting signs 5. What is "atypical" in Ms. X's symptoms? How does this 6. What information do serum enzyme and electrolyte 7. What purpose does the ECG serve? left ventricle. 8. Ms. X. is showing increasing PVCs on the ECG. State the affect treatment and prognosis? levels provide? It is determined that Ms. X. has a large infarct in the anterior cause and describe the effect if these continue to increase in frequency. 9. On day 6 after admission Ms. X is preparing to go home with her son and they receive instructions on lifestyle modifications that are desirable if Ms.X is to avoid another MI. What measures should be included in such a discussion?

Answer 1

1. Atherosclerosis is defined as the fatty plaque accumulation in the blood vessels due to cholesterol formation and this cause narrowing of the vessels that brings blood to heart muscle, leading to death of heart tissues and heart attack or myocardial infarction. This condition is known as coronary artery disease. In this given case there are several factors that proves to be high risk for development of the atherosclerosis in this patient.

Age, increasing age is a great factor that increasing risk of this condition, smoking is considered to have impact on vessels and blood pressure, it also has great impact on the formation of plaque and accumulation causing atherosclerosis, stress is another great risk factor for this condition, work related stress and family situations that are present in this case enhanced the risk of this patient to develop heart issues and atherosclerosis.

Moreover, consumption of fast food also indicated high risk for development of plaque, genetic predisposition is also seen as a factor.

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