Question

9. What is the role of the medulla and the pons in respiration? 10. What's the difference between and what are the signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax? 11. Where is airway resistance highest in an asthmatic patient? Why? 12. How does albuterol work? What are two additional medications utilized in the treatment of asthma? 13. What are the three components that define COPD? 14. What are the signs and symptoms/history of someone with COPD? 15. What are the signs and symptoms of acute lung injury? 16. What is the consequence of and the treatment of someone with a severe head injury?

Answer 1

9. The medulla is a primary respiratory control center, it sends signals to the muscle to make breathing and it controls coughing, sneezing, swallowing and vomiting reflexes.
pons control the rate of involuntary respiration, it sends signals to deep inspiration and controls the intensity of breathing and it limits the activity of phrenic nerves and decreases the tidal volume.
10, Pneumothorax is an air collection between lung and chest wall and makes lung damage or collapse.
signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, sudden chest pain, pressure over the chest area, bluish discoloration of the skin, tachycardia, rapid breathing, coma, and confusion.
11, Airway resistance increased in low lung volumes because of less airway diameter and high gas flow rates during high expiration, because more time needed for deflation and inflation of the lungs.
12, Albuterol is a bronchodilator, it helps to treat wheezing and shortness of breath in asthma. It works by opening the airway and relaxing muscles. Two additional medicines are corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs helpful for asthma.