Question

Caffeine is the active ingredient in coffee, tea, and some carbonated beverages.

Caffeine is the active ingredient in coffee, tea, and some carbonated beverages. Add lone pairs, as needed, to the structure of caffeine. Indicate the hybridization of the specified atoms. Be sure to consider any lone pairs you added in part a.

Answer 1

Concepts and reason

This problem is based on the concept of structure of caffeine and hybridization.

Caffeine is a natural compound which is found in tea and coffee. It is a bicyclic compound which is composed of various atoms like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen.

Hybridization is the process in which two more orbitals of different energy mix with each other in order to form same number of orbitals of same energy which are called hybrid orbitals.

Fundamentals

Count the valence electrons in order to identify the correct location of pairs of electrons.

Determine the hybridization of highlighted atoms with the help of steric number.

Steric number $=$ Sigma bonds $+$ lone pairs.

Part a

Structure of caffeine is given below:

Representation of caffeine molecule with lone pairs is given below:

Part b

The highlighted atoms with their hybridizations are given below:

Ans: Part a

Representation of caffeine molecule with lone pairs is shown below:

Part b

The highlighted atoms with their hybridizations are given below: