Question

1. Discuss ONE SPECIFIC antipsychotic or anxiolytic. Give class; actions and uses; side effects; adverse reactions & toxicity, administration; any other pertinent information. 2. Discuss ONE SPECIFIC antidepressant or mood stabilizer. Give class; actions and uses; side effects; adverse reactions & toxicity: administration; any other pertinent information. 3. Please discuss the following antibiotics. When part of a class, detail ONE SPECIFIC antibiotic.

Answer 1

1) Antipsychotic - name -Chlorpromazine , (generally used to treat biologic illness. )

Class - first generation Antipsychotic

Action - blockage of post synaptic D2 dopamine receptor , it is considered that dopamine receptor blockade in the mesolimbic area account for Antipsychotic effect, while blockade in nigrostrial system produces extrapyramidal effect associated with Chlorpromazine use.

Uses -a) - used to treat mental disorder like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, certain behavioural problem in children

b) Reduce aggressive behavior and desire to hurt yourself and others

c) Decrease hallucinations

d) Also used to control nausea and vomiting.

Side effects -- dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia, anxiety, weight gain, swelling in hands or feet, breast swelling.

Adverse reaction and toxicity -- autonomic reactions like dry mouth, nasal congestion, constipation, obstipation. Also cause tachycardia, hypotension, convulsions, coma

Administration - add 25 to 30 mg of Chlorpromazine injection to 500 to 1000 ml of 0.9%NaCl injection , administer IV slowly.

2) Antidepressants

Name citalopram

Class - SSRIs ( selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

Action -- it works by preventing uptake of serotonin, neurotransmitter , by nerve cells after it has been released.

Uses -- it is used to treat depression

It may improve energy level and feeling of well being.

Side-effects -- problem with memory and concentration

Dry mouth, increased sweating., numbness, increased appetite, Nausea, diarrhea

Adverse reaction and toxicity ---- Drowsiness, seizures, coma,, cardiac toxicity - mild

Administration -- administer as single oral dose either in morning or evening, can be taken with or without food, but with fluid.