Question

Please help to answer these questions

1. Spinal fusion C 5-6 / L3-5

a. Pathophysiology/etiology/risk factors

b. s/s

c. nursing and physician directed interventions

2. Bariatric surgery

a. Pathophysiology/etiology/risk factors

b. s/s

c. nursing and physician directed interventions

3. Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO)

a. Pathophysiology/etiology/risk factors

b. s/s

c. nursing and physician directed interventions

4. Colon resection

a. Pathophysiology/etiology/risk factors

b. s/s

c. nursing and physician directed interventions

Answer 1

3. SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION

Patho-physiology

Bowel obstruction or also known as intestinal obstruction is the normal functional obstruction of intestine that prevents and disables the normal movement of the digestive products into the passage. Main patho-physiology is explained as the simple obstruction occurs without the hindrance to vascular aspects of the apparatus. Due to closure of the passage the fluid, food, gas etc. gets accumulated above the obstruction causing distension of proximal bowel and collapse of distal segment.

Etiology

There can be many causes of small bowel obstruction some major causes are-

Adhesions, pseudo-obstructions, barbed sutures, hernia, Crohn's disease, volvulus, tumor, ischemia, or foreign body accumulation.

Risk Factors

Previous surgery of pelvic region, radiation therapy, history of malignancy, hernia, or inflammatory bowel disease.

Signs and Symptoms

Abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, inability to pass gas, fecal vomiting, constipation, dehydration, respiratory compromise, colicky pain, spasm.

Nursing and Physician directed interventions

Invasive treatment by inserting the nasogastric tube that helps decompress the dilated bowel. This tube relieves pain, cramps and vomiting.

Conservative interventions include therapies and observations that would lead to loseing up of adhesions and resolution of the obstruction.

Nursing interventions include correction of electrolyte imbalance and dehydration, promoting relief from pain by administrating prescribed opioid and medications, antiemetics is administered for better relief from vomiting, psychological support and assistance.

(please create individual order for each question)