Question

please help with #5 (sn2) and #6 (sn1)

52 Reaction Rates 1. Pace drops of the compounds in the 9.1 in separate labeled test tubes Table 9.11 FE for Relative Reaction Rates is Sy Reactions Halide Halide S hare -Chord CECH.CH.CH.CH 1-Broomoburane Нr CHCHCHCH typ=77-78°C b.100-101 C oboti CH CH CH.CH 2-Chloro-2-methylbute CH C CH CH, tip-85.86 C 2-r by CI-CH:CHCH, 1-Chloro2- methylpropane Lp68-69°C 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane pr1073H CHỤC CHÍCH, CH CICH.C-CH, H-Chloro-2.2- dimethylpropane -84-85' Browobenzene bp-156 Benzyl Bromide bo198199 2. Recording the time, rapidly add 1 ml of a 15% Nalin acetone to one of the test tubes. After 30 seconds, add 1 ml of 15% Nalin acetone to a different test tube. Continue doing the solution to different tubes unit has been added to all test tubes. NOTE: Shake the vials after adding the Nat solution to ensure proper ming of the contents 3. Monitor the reaction in each tube and record any turbidity cloudiness) to result due to a precipitate. 4. na precipitate for after 5 minutes at room temperature, place the test tube into a hot water bath set to 45" 50'C. Monitor the reaction as before, if no rektion occurs under these conditions, consider the compound unreactive. 5. Using your results, to draw conclusions about the nature of the alkyl halide on S2 reaction rate. Examine the following factor degree of substitution, sterics, and type of leaving group. Write your analysis in the Conclusion section of your lab report. S Reaction Rates 1. Place 3 drops of the compounds in Table 9-1 in separate, labeled test tubes. Place 3 drops in 2-chloro-2-methylbutane in a 10 test tube. 2 Repeat the procedure as before, but use 1 mL of AgNO, in 95% ethanol in place of 15% Natin acetone. To the tenth test tube containing 2-chloro-2-methylbutane, add 1 ml of 1% AgNO: in s ethanol/95% acetone. 6. Using your results, draw conclusions about the nature of the alkyl halide on S 1 reaction rate. Examine the following factors: degree of substitution, sterics, type of leaving group, and type of solvent. Write your analysis in the Conclusion section of your lab report. € 0 I 410 AM 9 e 40 m

Answer 1

5 we know that sn² reaction ist bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction. factors such as degree ofe substitution Sterics and type of leaving group affect the rate of sn? reaction. @ degree of substitution or nature of - Substrate ie alkyl halide > We know that nucleophile in sy reaction attak electrophilic carbon of substrate or alicyl halide from backside. If Sterically hindered algul halide is present an backside attack of nucleophilis not take place. soi Rate of an reaction proceed From Primary to tertiary alkyl halide as follows: Primary substrate Secondary substrate] (Fastest) tertiary substrate a slowest Hence rate of su² reaction is maximum in case o e Primary alkyl halide bcoz it is not Steriaally hindered while tertiary allesi halide is stericany hindered

so rate case of of suh tertiary is slowest in alicyl halide. 16 Steric effect AS Steris? hinderence in substrate increases. Libackside attack of nucléophile decreases and so she reaction. rate also decreases. Since Primary alkyl halide is not sterically hindered so rate of su² reaction is maximum of Fastest among Primary Secondary and tertiary alkyl halides. C leaving group effect IF leaving group is better than reaction rate of sn reaction. will be faster good leaving group or weak bases such as TO Brucé Tso etc. increase the sua reaction rate. it better is leaving group than hond between Carones and leaving group wier easily break and product Formed faster after nucleophile attack