Question

Directions: Respond to these questions, given your role in community health or health service administration. Do not cut and paste from the sources. Use your own words (no quotes) to respond to the questions.

Questions to answer in your own words after you have read the material.

1. What is Zika?

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2. How do you catch it?

3. Where have there been cases?
   1. Outside the US. borders?
   2. Inside the US borders?

4. How do you prevent mosquito bites?

5. Explain the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of the Zika virus.

6. Explain the link between Zika and microcephaly.

7. What are some of the birth outcomes from the Zika Virus?

8. What information is given for travelers?

9. Identify the 10 components of the WSCC and briefly define each one.

10. Select 5 of the WSCC components and identify how you, as a public health worker, will work with the local school district in each of the 5 you selected.

Final statement: Reflective 1 page paper on what you have learned and how it will be helpful in your future as a health educator in your given worksite.

Answer 1

· Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, which bite during the day. Symptoms are generally mild and include fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise or headache. ... Most people with Zika virus infection do not develop symThe CDC has confirmed Zika can spread through sex, usually after a person traveled to an area where Zika had broken out, got the virus, and gave the virus to a sex partner who did not travel. Infected women and men can both pass the virus to sex partners -- even if they haven’t shown symptoms of infection, according to the CDC. In addition, infected pregnant women can pass the virus on to their fetus.

Some atudies have also ahown that virus is found in semem urine ,blood and saliva of infected people.

Found inside the u.s border

• Zika is spread mostly by the bite of an infected Aedesspecies mosquito (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). These mosquitoes bite during the day and night.
• Prevent Zika by avoiding mosquito bites.
• Zika can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Infection during pregnancy can cause certain birth defects.
• Zika can be passed through sex from a person who has Zika to his or her sex partners. Condoms can reduce the chance of getting Zika from sex. Condoms include male and female condoms.
• No vaccine is currently available.
• In 2018, no local mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission has been reported in the continental United States.
• The mosquitoes that can spread Zika are found throughout the United States.

Symptoms of the Zika Virus

Headache

Pink eye

Swoolen lymph nodes

Joint pain

Muscle ache

Most people do not experience symptoms

: Diagnosis--

the disease usually only causes mild, flu-like illness, it can become devastating if it occurs during pregnancy, leading in rare cases to a birth defect, called microcephaly, in which the baby is born with an abnormally small head and brain.

It is for this reason that diagnosis is imperative for mothers who may have been exposed to the Zika virus through a mosquito bite. Moreover, because the virus can be passed from man to women during sex, the test—comprised of a combination of blood and urine tests—can identify an infected partner and possibly prevent transmission.

Treatment-

The Zika virus can be frightening since you will often have no idea that you’ve been infected until complications appear. These may include miscarriage and birth defects. In rare instances, a Zika infection can lead to Guillain-Barré syndrome, a nerve disorder that can lead to the loss of motor control.

Unfortunately, there are no medications or vaccines to treat or prevent an infection. Treatment, therefore, is based solely on the management of symptoms and complications.The CDC recommends infected people get plenty of rest, drink fluids to prevent dehydration, and take acetaminophen for fever and pain. Aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should not be taken until dengue is ruled out, to reduce bleeding risk, the agency says.

There is no vaccine against Zika, but the National Institutes of Health is testing one in humans.

Link between zika nad microcephaly-

Zika causes microcephaly in babies born to infected pregnant women, the CDC confirmed this year. Microcephaly stunts a baby’s head growth, causing devastating, sometimes fatal brain damage, and it can result in miscarriage or stillbirth.

there are many causes of microcephaly in babies, including infections during pregnancy, genetic problems, and exposure to toxic substances during pregnancy, the CDC says research has provided enough evidence to show that Zika is among those causes. Research has suggested that infection during the earliest stages of pregnancy, when a baby’s organs are still forming, seems to be linked to the worst outcomes.

However, some studies are showing that fetuses can be harmed by infection later in pregnancy,and evidence is emerging that microcephaly isn’t the only birth defect linked to Zika. In another report, the CDC describes five types of birth defects, including severe microcephaly, that are unique to Zika or rarely occur with other infections in pregnant women. They are:

• Decreased brain tissue with calcium deposits indicating brain damage
• Damage to the back of the eye
• Limited range of motion in joints, such as clubfoot
• Too much muscle tone, which restricts movement

Those effects in babies are called congenital Zika syndrome.

Travel warning--

The CDC has warned pregnant women in any trimester to "consider postponing travel" to a number of countries and territories where Zika transmission is ongoing. A list of countries can be found on the CDC website. But it's important to keep in mind that the list changes frequently and needs to be reviewed frequently as countries become low risk or other countries are added

Th Zika virus arrived in the United States in 2016, with local transmission reported in and around Miami, FL, and Brownsville, TX.

The virus causes birth defects in babies born to some infected pregnant women, including microcephaly, where babies are born with underdeveloped heads and brain damage. Zika has also been linked to Guillain-Barre syndrome, a condition in which the immune system attacks the nerves. It’s mainly spread through mosquitoes, although some cases of sexual transmission have been reported.

The CDC continues to issue travel warnings for pregnant women in countries where the disease is spreading.

Zika causes microcephaly in babies born to infected pregnant women, the CDC confirmed this year. Microcephaly stunts a baby’s head growth, causing devastating, sometimes fatal brain damage, and it can result in miscarriage or stillbirth.

10 WSCC components.-----

• Health Education. ...
• Physical Education and Physical Activity. ...
• Health Services. ...
• Nutrition Environment and Services. ...
• Counseling, Psychological, and Social Services. ...
• Employee Wellness. ...
• Physical Environment. ...
• Social and Emotional Climate
• Community involvment
• Family managemen

  
  HEALTH EDUCATION

  Health education provides students with opportunities to acquire the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary for making health-promoting decisions, achieving health literacy, adopting health-enhancing behaviors, and promoting the health of others. Topics include alcohol and other drug use and abuse, healthy eating and nutrition, mental and emotional health, personal health and wellness, physical activity, safety and injury prevention, sexual health, tobacco use, and violence prevention.

  PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

  Physical education is a school-based instructional curriculum for students to gain the necessary skills and knowledge for lifelong participation in physical activity. Physical education is characterized by a planned, sequential K-12 curriculum that provides cognitive content and learning experiences in a variety of activity areas. Quality physical education programs should assist students in achieving the National Standards for K-12 Physical Education , as set forth by SHAPE America - Society of Health and Physical Educators. The outcome of a quality physical education program is a physically literate person who has the knowledge, skills, and confidence to enjoy a lifetime of healthful physical activity.

  COUNSELING, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIAL SERVICES

  These services are provided to improve students' mental, emotional, and social health and include individual and group assessments, interventions, and referrals. Organizational assessment and consultation skills of counselors and psychologists contribute not only to the health of students but also to the health of the school environment. Professionals such as certified school counselors, psychologists, and social workers provide these services.

  
  EMPLOYEE WELLNESS

  Schools can provide opportunities for school faculty and staff members to improve their health status through activities such as health assessments, health education, and health-related fitness activities. These opportunities encourage staff members to pursue a healthy lifestyle that contributes to their improved health status, improved morale, and a greater personal commitment to the school's overall coordinated health program that transfers into creation of a positive role model for students. A personalized lifestyle intervention program for teachers (that includes health screenings, health education, peer support, and supportive health policies) can result in improved health habits of faculty and staff members who are involved. Health promotion and worksite wellness programs and activities have been shown to improve productivity, decrease absenteeism, and reduce health insurance costs.

  
  PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

  The physical environment includes the physical and aesthetic surroundings and the psychosocial climate and culture of the school. Factors that influence the physical environment include the school building and the area surrounding it; any biological or chemical agents that are detrimental to health; and conditions such as temperature, noise, and lighting. Aesthetic characteristics (such as landscaping, architecture, color, artwork, acoustics, views, and natural lighting) and accommodations (such as climate control, indoor air quality, cleanliness, size of classrooms, hallway traffic flow, and elbow room) are components of the physical environment that influence the comfort and security of students and staff. Researchers have found that excessive noise and overcrowding can affect the academic performance and health of students and faculty. An example of the impact of physical conditions is the substantial body of evidence that is available to support the use of good handwashing practices in reducing infectious diseases, improving school attendance, and reducing student and staff illness.

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