Question

Chapter 39: Metronidazole Nitrofurantoin Antibiotic Drug Class &(Nitroimidazole) antibiotic Indication(s) Contraindications (Nitrofuran) antibiotic Comnon Adverse Effects Major Interactions Nurse Considerations: (Examples: Age, renal/hepatic precautions, safety w/ administration, lab monitoring, teaching)

Answer 1

ANSWER

   

ANTIBIOTIC	METRONIDAZOLE	NITROFURAN
Drug/class/indication	(Nitroimidazole) antibiotic	(Nitrofuran) antibiotic.
Contraindications	Do not use this drug in patient with    Liver diseases.    History of seizure    disorders.    Peripheral neuropathy.    Alcohol intoxication. Patients who are allergic to metronidazole	This medication is contraindicared in patient with    * Hepatic dysfunction.     * Renal failure.     * Pregnant and lactating women.     * Diabetes melitus.     * Peripheral neuropathy.     * Lung fibrosis.
Common adverse effect.	Anorexia. Nausea. Abdominal pain. Dizziness. Weight loss. Hypersensitivity reactions. Headache. Diarrhea.	Diarrhea. Nausea. Headache. Anorexia. Constipation. Pruritus. Hair loss. Drowsiness. Dyspepsia.
Major interactions.	If metronidazole is administered after taking alcohol it will cause tachy cardia,vomiting,dyspnea. Drugs interact with metronidazole include           * Azithromycin.           * Augmentin.           * Aspirin.           * Ciprofloxacin.           * Doxycycline.           * Paracetamol.           * Prednisolone.           * Vitamins B12,C,D3.           * Warfarin. * Avoid use of antacids along with metronidazole because it result in poor absorption of this drug.	Use of nitofurantoin along with antacids result in decreased absorption. Use of nitrofurantoin along with quinolones result in decreased therapeutic effect due to antagonism. Other drugs which interact with nitrofurantoin include      * Aspirin.      * Iboprofen.      * Omeprazole      * Alprazolam.      * Vitamins B2,C,D3.      * Naproxen.      * Fluconazole.
Nurse considerations	Administer this drug along with food help to avoid GI irritation. This medication is contraindicated in patient with liver or renal diseases so assessment of liver and renal function required before administration. Instruct the patient that this drug cause a metalic taste. Educate the patient that do not stop the medication without the consent of a physician. Educate the patient that this drug may turn the urine to dark colour. Do not give this drug to a pregnant women especially in the first trimester of pregnancy.	Assessment of liver and renal function reports of the patient is required before administration due to chances of liver and renal problems associated with this medication. Administer along with food to avoid GI irritation. Instruct the patient that do not stop the drug without the consent of a physician. Routine monitoring of intake and output records are important to identify changes in I and O ratio and it will be discontinued when the patient is oliguric or high creatinine level in the blood. Educate the patient to take enough fluids to avoid risk of renal problems associated with this drug.