Question

do 3 concept maps (Anemia - Sickle cell, Acid Base - all 4, Thombcytopenia) - Patho, Risk factors, complications, symptoms, treatment)

Answer 1

Answer :

Sickle cell anemia :

It is a inherited form of anemia, in which red blood cells forms like sickle shape or crescent shape due to that inadequate oxygen carrying capacity to the cells.

Pathophysiology:

* It is inherited disorders, due to gene mutation hemoglobin beta gene found on 11 chromosome , the red blood cells forms like sickle shape or crescent moon shape.

* These are will brakes the normal red blood cells also

* Due to that decreased oxygen supply to lungs and other body parts.

Risk factors :

It is a genetic disorder will transmission from parents to children.

Complications :

* Pulmonary hypertension due to decreased oxygen supply.

* stroke

* gall stones farmation

* acute chest syndrome

* leg ulcers not heal properly due to lack of blood and oxygen supply.

* eye damage.

Symptoms :

* pain in the joints

* sudden chest pains

* dizziness

* fatigue

* malaise

* weakness

* hematuria

* decreased oxygen levels in the body

* short ness of breath

* jaundice

* pallor

* inflamed fingers or toes.

Treatment :

Frequent blood transfusion

Bone marrow transplantation

Thrombocytopenia :

Deficiency of platelets in the blood is called Thrombocytopenia.

Below 1 lakh.

Pathophysiology :

* It is one of the autoimmune disorder.

* due to increased heparin complex levels or decreased coagulation factors in the blood,

* there is a decreased platelets formation

* so decreases platelet levels in the blood.

Risk factors :

* the people who are having aplastic anemia and autoimmune disorders

Complications and symptoms :

* easy bruising

* purpeura formation

* prolonged bleeding from cuts and wounds.

* blood in urine and stool

* Bleeding from gums and nose.

Treatment :

* inj : trenexamic acid to stop bleeding

* blood transfusion

* platelets transfusion.

* giving papaya juice and pinaple juice.