A case-control study was conducted to examine the association between a high fat diet and coronary artery disease. Subjects with physician diagnosed heart disease and controls without heart disease are recruited and asked to complete questionnaires about their dietary habits in order to categorize them as having diets with high fat content or not. This situation is more likely to generate which type of bias:
a. non-differential misclassification
b. differential misclassification
c. selection bias
d. none of the above
In this situation, a self evaluation questionnaire is used to determine dietary fat content. The calculation of dietary fat content from a questionnaire is not very accurate and may cause misclassification. However the probability of this misclassification is equal in both the heart diseased subjects as well as the control subjects.
Thus this study will most likely have a non-differential misclassification.
A case-control study was conducted to examine the association between a high fat diet and coronary...
A case-control study was conducted to determine the association between smoking and coronary heart disease. The investigators found an odds ratio of 1.8 for coronary heart disease among subjects who smoked compared to those who didn’t smoke. The 95% confidence interval for this odds ratio was 0.8-4.3 and the P-value was 0.10. 1. State in words your interpretation of the odds ratio. 2. State in words your interpretation of the 95% confidence interval. 3. State in words your interpretation of...
A case-control study of lung cancer was conducted which compared the smoking habits of patients with lung cancer to the smoking habits of other patients attending the same respiratory clinic. The study found no association between smoking and lung cancer. What is the most likely study error that explains this scenario? Select one: Differential misclassification bias. Random measurement variability. Non-differential misclassification bias. Random sampling error. Selection bias.
An investigator conducted a case-control study in 1000 participants (500 cases and 500 controls) to examine the association between childhood head trauma (exposure) and Parkinson’s disease(outcome). Information on head trauma was self-reported by study participants. Cases were able to correctly report exposure to head trauma 96% of the time, while controls correctly reported exposure to head trauma 80% of the time. Cases and controls correctly reported no exposure to head trauma 96% and 98% of the time, respectively. The truth(which...
A cohort study was undertaken to examine the association between high lipid level and coronary heart disease. Participants were classified as having either a high lipid level (exposed) or a low or normal lipid level (unexposed). Because age is associated with both lipid level and risk of heart disease, age was considered a potential confounder, and the age of each subject was recorded. The following data describes the study participants: Developed CHD No CHD EXPOSED (High lipid level) ...
1. A cohort study was undertaken to examine the association between high lipid level and coronary heart disease. Participants were classified as having either a high lipid level (exposed) or a low or normal lipid level (unexposed). Because age is associated with both lipid level and risk of heart disease, age was considered a potential confounder, and the age of each subject was recorded. The following data describes the study participants: Developed CHD No CHD EXPOSED (High lipid...
1. A cohort study was undertaken to examine the association between high lipid level and coronary heart disease. Participants were classified as having either a high lipid level (exposed) or a low or normal lipid level (unexposed). Because age is associated with both lipid level and risk of heart disease, age was considered a potential confounder, and the age of each subject was recorded. The following data describes the study participants: Developed CHD No CHD EXPOSED (High lipid...
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Match the following client conditions to the appropriate therapeutic diet NPO Newly diagnosed diabetic Immediate postoperative period Heart failure Coronary artery disease Burns over 40% of the body Undiagnosed abdominal pain Ill-fitting dentures Annual physical exam for healthy adult Celiac disease Mouth sores from chemotherapy treatment BMI of 37 Cirrhosis Constipation, diverticulosis Second uncomplicated postoperative day Crohn disease Clear liquid Full liquid Soft Pureed Regular Antigen avoidance Calorie restricted American Diabetes Association diet High calorie–high protein High fiber Low fat...
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Question 10 0.5 pts A cohort study is conducted to examine dietary omega-3 fatty acid consumption in relation to 1- year risk of heart attack. The investigators report that the 1- year risk of a heart attack among people who consume high levels of omega-3 fatty acids 0.80 times the 1-year risk of heart attack among those who consume low levels of omega-3 fatty acids (RR-0.80). This association could be due to: O Any of the answers O Bias O...