Question

II. The dermis is superficial to the epidermis. 12. The medulla is deep to the cortex of the kidney. PAT D: Assessments CRITICAL THINKING State the quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity where the pain or sound would be located for each of the six conditions n some cases, there may be more than one correct answer, and pain is sometimes referred to another region. This phenomenon, called bein g stimulated. When referred pain is involved in the patient's interpretation of the pain location, the proper diagnosis organ iontls m sallenging. For the purpose of this exercise, assume the pain is interpreted as originating from 1. Stomach ulcer 2. Appendicitis 3. Bowel sounds of referred pain, occurs when pain is interpreted as originating from some area other than the parts 4. Gallbladder attack S. Kidney stone in left ureter 6. Ruptured spleen of the entire body is subai al terms appropriate for tha becomes helpful forrip head, neck, and uppe ts, while oth t pai. dy. This ain locations that are more spe s such as eral term

Answer 1

1. Stomach ulcer: Pain is felt in the Left Upper quadrant.

Stomach ulcers are the inflammed areas of the stomach lining which occurs due to varied aetiology like bacteria (Helicobacter pylori), binge alcohol drinking, idiopathic factors like indiscriminate use of pain killers, poor diet habits. Stomach ulcers causes burning sensation when the acid in stomach further irritates the ulcer resulting in pain emanating from left upper quadrant

2. Appendicitis: Pain is felt in the Right Lower quadrant.

Appendicits is the inflammation of appendix due to infection (mostly bacteria) leading to accumulation of pus. The pain of appendicits is felt at the right lower quadrant

3. Bowel sounds: Bowel sounds can be heard at Right Upper quadrant, Right lower quadrant, Left upper quadrant or Left lower quadrant which depends on the given case scenario

4. Gallbladder attack: Right upper quadrant

Cholelithiasis or cholecystitis leads to gall bladder attack whose pain is felt in the right upper quadrant

5. Kidney stone in left ureter: Left upper quadrant or Left lower quadrant which again depends on the given case scenario

Ureterolithiasis is due to the formation of stones (composition may vary from calcium, uric acid, struvite to cystine) which obstruct the ureters. The pain emanates from the Left upper quadrant or Left lower quadrant when there is stone in left ureter

6. Ruptured spleen: Left upper quadrant

Rupture of spleen may occur due to various reasons like malaria, sepsis, leukemia, polycythemia vera, accidents. The pain due to rupture of spleen emanates from left upper quadrant.