Question

1. Focusing on the US and Japan, illustrate how Hofstede’s dimensions apply in each country. How are Hofstede’s dimensions reflected in observed managerial behaviors like management style, gender roles, risk avoidance, entrepreneurship, etc.

Answer 1

There are signs that other cultures that affect the U.S. culture. One form in which teams and communities are rapidly widespread in organisations is. Around the same period, the conventional Japanese society has also been seen as being very patriarchal, collectivist and long-term driven. However, several years of contact between Japan and western countries may have led them to becoming more individualistic, centered on the short term, and feminist. Through using the cultural aspects of Hofstede as a context, and by contrasting our findings with those of its original survey, we will investigate and examine this fusion of these cultures.

Power Distance:

Current patterns show that the Japanese are beginning to more regularly challenge those in control. The transition has taken effect significantly in the national sphere where over the last 20 years there have been no less than 14 Prime Ministers. The Democratic Party of Japan's recent win in the 2009 elections was a notable event as the Party promised to reduce the bureaucrats' control. The U.S. and Japan traditional ideals synonymous with detachment from authority have been increasingly close. In fact, Japan has reduced its power distance, which would be more directly associated with US power distance.

Individualism – Collectivism:

U.S. and Japan 's traditional ideals synonymous with individualism-collectivism have been more close. In particular, Japan has become more individualistic, and the US has become more collectivist. The US had a value score of 91, and in Hofstede's original analysis, Japan had a value score of 41 in terms of individualism – collectivism aspect. This is implied that there has been overlap between such ideologies as the U.S. has been more collectivist and Japan has been more individualistic.

Masculinity – Femininity:

U.S. and Japan's traditional norms aligned with masculinity-femininity have been more close. Specifically, while Japan and the US have been more feminine, Japan 's increased pace of change would force the countries to conform more strongly with that aspect. Results from observations reveal that the U.S. was less patriarchal with a ranking of 62 while Japan had a ranking of 91 on the level of masculinity – femininity. I suggest that both societies exhibit stronger femininity ideals but that fusion must arise as Japan 's transition to femininity has become more dramatic.

Uncertainty Avoidance:

The U.S. and Japan cultural ideals synonymous with avoiding confusion have been increasingly close. In fact, Japan is lower in avoidance of uncertainty whereas the USA is higher in avoidance of uncertainty. The US had a score of 46 while Japan ranked a lot better with a score of 89 on the element of confusion avoidance. The US has become more risk-adverse, as suggested, while Japan has been more risk-seeking. Such beliefs adjustments can lead societies to merge as their ratings are more close.

Long-Term Orientation:

The U.S. and Japan cultural ideals aligned with a long-term outlook have been increasingly close. China, in fact, would have lower long-term orientation whereas the U.S. would have higher long-term orientation. When global influence has moved to the east, the U.S. has needed to become more appropriate to Japan 's long-term emphasis because it typically needs time to consider decisions. Japan initially ranked 77 high on this aspect when the U.S. just earned a 29. They believe that, as both societies have sought to respond to each other's needs, their time orientation has been more comparable.

Indulgence – Restraint:

The U.S. is a place where loving yourself isn't discriminated upon. Excessive vehicle and leisure consumption is deemed a fact of life. Since there is no prior calculation of this aspect, we can not evaluate the change of that cultural variable over time. They may, therefore, recommend that Japan embody principles close to those defined by indulgence, and that the U.S. ideals are far more reflective of discipline. Japan 's principles on indulgence – the discipline aspect – would rank lower than the U.S. Japan, in fact, should display more discipline when the US shows more indulgence

Monumentalism – Flexhumity:

Success in the US is the product of skill or merit and loss arising from poor luck, failures by others or lack of commitment. It suggests the U.S. people appear to overestimate their own singularity. When said, there is no prior calculation of this metric, and once again we hypothesize where the U.S. and Japan would land on the scale compared to each other. Considering the statement above, we believe like the U.S. principles are more reflective of monumentalism while Japan 's values are more indicative of flexhumity. Japan 's principles on monumentality – the flexhumity aspect – would rank lower than the U.S. In fact, Japan would be more flexhumble and the United States would be more historic.

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