Question

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

Part 1. [30 points] In this part, your program loads a vending machine serving cold drinks. You start with many foods, some are drinks. Your code loads a vending machine from foods, or, it uses water as a default drink. Create class Drink, make an array of drinks, load it and display it.

Part 1 steps:

1. [5 points] Create a class called Drink that contains information about a single drink. Provide private data members for name and calories.
2. [5 points] To class Drink, add a single constant data member that is shared by all instances. It indicates that all drinks are of the same form_t : Liquid.
3. [5 points] Provide a constructor which has parameters that specify the name and calories. In the constructor, validate the inputs – the name must not be empty (must have at least 1 letter), and the calories must be 0 or more. If either the name and/or price provided are missing or invalid, set the name to “water” and the calories to 0. Inside the constructor, do not prompt the user for values or corrections to values – just use the parameters as provided.
4. [5 points] Provide a display “getter” method that displays the name and calories of the food item. Show name and calories in fixed-width columns so they line up. (Do not waste time creating unnecessary getters and setters.)
5. [5 points] Create an array called drinks and load drinks with instances constructed from food from the vector foods. For each food in foods, if the food is Liquid and Cold, place into drinks; if not, use the default drink (described in step 1C). Elements in a vector can be accessed using notation: “foods[i]”; fields can be accessed using dot notation: .name, .calories, .form, etc.
6. [5 points] Provide a loop that displays the contents of array drinks to the console. To display individual elements, use the display method from Step 1D above. This displays the items in array drinks that were originally in vector foods or generic drinks.

The left table shows the vector foods (provided). The right table is the contents of array drinks after loaded from the data in foods. Items (bold) are default drinks because foods were not Liquid and Cold.

vector: foods
name	calories	price	form	temp
beans	8	.18	Solid	Room
coke	240	.57	Liquid	Cold
oats	10	.12	Solid	Room
steak	310	12.34	Solid	Frozen
milk	80	1.21	Liquid	Cold
soup	95	2.34	Liquid	Hot

array: drinks
name	calories
water	0
coke	240
water	0
water	0
milk	80
water	0

Part 2. [20 points] For this part you will use pointers and dynamic memory allocation.

Part 2 steps:

1. [5 points] Dynamically allocate one instance of class Drink. To construct this, use name “lemonade” and calories 123. Provide name and calories to the constructor, because there are no setters. Do this with one statement on one line of code, if possible.
2. [5 points] Display the address in memory where the instance of Drink was allocated. Provide output such as: lemonade is at address: 0x356480
3. [5 points] Display the contents of the lemonade instance (its name and calories) allocated in Step 2A using the display method provided for the Drink class in Step 1D.
4. [5 points] De-allocate the instance of class Item that you allocated in Step 2A above. After de-allocation, set the Drink pointer to a safe value, so it can be determined later that it does not point to anything.

Part 3. [15 points] For this part you will overload operators. Provided is a class Fraction. You will add some new overloaded operator methods to class Fraction.

Part 3 steps:

1. [5 points] Implement operator++ (pre-increment) for class Fraction such that it increments the numerator (top) by one and leaves the denominator alone. Testing code is provided: Fraction a=4; ++a; ++a; cout<<a.get()<<endl; // displays 6
2. [5 points] Implement operator-- (pre-decrement) for class Fraction so it decrements the numerator (top) by one and leaves the denominator alone. Testing code is provided:
   Fraction b=5; --b; --b; cout<<b.get()<<endl; // displays 3
3. [5 points] Implement operator* for class Fraction. It multiplies two fractions together. It multiplies the numerator times the numerator and the denominator times the denominator. For example: 6/1 * 7/1 = (6*7)/(1*1) = 42. Testing code is provided:
   Fraction c=6, d=7, e=c*d; cout<<e.get()<<endl; // displays 42.

Part 4. [20 points] For each step, write a recursive version of a provided iterative function. Provided is a recursive function body and a testing loop. Each recursive function should only call itself (not some other function). Avoid global and static local variables.

Part 4 steps:

1. [5 points] Write a recursive function line(n) that draws a line (of dashes) of length n.
   Example: line(5) displays: -----
2. [5 points] Write a recursive function left_arrow(n) that draws an arrow that points to the left (left arrow followed by a n dashes).
   Example: left_arrow(5) displays: <-----
3. [5 points] Write a recursive function right_arrow(n) that draws an arrow that points to the right (n dashes followed by a right arrow).
   Example: right_arrow(5) displays: ----->
4. [5 points] Write a recursive function double_arrow(n) that draws an arrow that points to the left and right (left arrow, n dashes, followed by a right arrow). (Challenge)
   Example: double_arrow(5) displays: <----->
5. None of your functions should allow “run-away” recursion, regardless of the input.

Part 5. [5 points] Extra credit, up to 5 points. Write 5 different examples of C++ code that leads to “undefined behavior” and could crash a program. Each example must have a different fault. In a comment, explain the problem. An infinite loop is a hang, not a crash.

Example of crash:
     // float sum=123.45; int count=0; float avg=dbl/count; // divide by zero, undefined behavior

You cannot use divide by zero as one of your crash behaviors, because it was provided

#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <vector> using namespace std; // This is used for step 1 and step 2; leave 'as is. enum form_t (Solid='S', Liquid-'L', Gas 'G'); enum temp_t (Frozeh'F', Colda'c', Roon="R', Hot 'H'); struct Food { // This is used for step 1 and step 2; leave as is. string name; int calories; double price; form_t form; temp_t temp; }; // Put class Drink code for steps 1 and 2 here. void step1() { 17 - section below is provided, DO NOT CHANGE, it is called from main // The section between the lines is provided startup code for step 1. DO NOT CHANGE UNLESS COMPILER ERROR. 1/ Below, a std::vector is used. It works as-is. // It creates a vector (like an array) as described in the instructions. It provides // intial startup data to save time. Use this data to load drinks from foods. 240 vector<Food foods {"beans" 8, .18, Solid, Room), {"coke", .57, Liquid, Cold), ("oats", 10, .12, Solid, Room), ("steak", 310, 12.34, Solid, Frozen) {"milk", 80, 1.21, Liquid, Cold), {"soup", 95, 2.34, Liquid, Hot) ): cout<<"Step 1: \n"; cout<<"Contents of vector foods, already loaded: \n"; for (auto &food: foods) { // If this does not compile, see the note below // This is provided startup code. DO NOT CHANGE UNLESS COMPILER ERROR // If for (auto &food: foods) code has a compilation error, do this: 1) recommended: enable C++11/14 features on your compiler with option: -std=c++11 // 2) alternative: change to a regular for loop: for (int i=0; i<foods.length(); ++i), etc. cout<<setw(8)<<food.name <<" $"<<setw(5)<<right<<setprecision(2)<<fixed<<food.price <<setw(6)<<right<<food.calories <<setw(2)<<(char)food. form <<setw(2)<<(char)food. temp<<endl; } cout<<endl;

Answer 1

Here is the answer for your question in C++ Programming Language.

Kindly upvote if you find the answer helpful.

NOTE : According to the HOMEWORKLIB POLICY, experts are allowed to answer a max of one question, when given multiple questions in a given question. Answered as per the HOMEWORKLIB POLICY. Apologies for this.

I have answered Part - 1 (Steps A - F)

(I displayed vector data in the code, it is optional only as it is asked to display only drinks array in step F, So if you don't want the data to be displayed kindly comment the lines (66 to 73) from screenshots below)

CODE :

#include <iostream> #include<string> #include <iomanip> #include <vector> using namespace std; enum form_t { Solid = 'S', Liquid = 'L', Gas = 'G'}; enum temp_t { Frozen = 'F', Cold = 'C', Room = 'R', Hot = 'H'}; struct Food{    string name;    int calories;    double price;    char form;    char temp; }; //PART - 1 class Drink{    /*(A)Create a class called Drink that contains information about a single drink.    Provide private data members for name and calories.*/    private:        string name;        int calories;        /*(B) To class Drink, add a single constant data member that is shared by all instances.        It indicates that all drinks are of the same form_t : Liquid.*/        const char form_t;    public:        //(C) Provide a constructor which has parameters that specify the name and calories.        Drink(string Name,int cal):form_t('L'){            /*In the constructor, validate the inputs –            the name must not be empty (must have at least 1 letter), and the calories must be 0 or more.*/            if(Name.compare("") == 0 || cal < 0){                name = "water";                calories = 0;            }            else{                name = Name;                calories = cal;            }        }        //(D) Provide a display “getter” method that displays the name and calories of the food item.        void getter(){            cout << left << setw(10) << name << calories << endl;        } }; int main(){    struct Food food;    string name;    int calories;    /*Initialise vector foods*/    vector<Food> foods;    food.name = "beans"; food.calories = 8; food.price = .18; food.form = Solid; food.temp = Room;    foods.push_back(food);    food.name = "coke"; food.calories = 240; food.price = .57; food.form = Liquid; food.temp = Cold;    foods.push_back(food);    food.name = "oats"; food.calories = 10; food.price = .12; food.form = Solid; food.temp = Room;    foods.push_back(food);    food.name = "steak"; food.calories = 310; food.price = 12.34; food.form = Solid; food.temp = Frozen;    foods.push_back(food);    food.name = "milk"; food.calories = 80; food.price = 1.21; food.form = Liquid; food.temp = Cold;    foods.push_back(food);    food.name = "soup"; food.calories = 95; food.price = 2.34; food.form = Liquid; food.temp = Hot;    foods.push_back(food);    //Display foods data    cout << "Vector : Foods" << endl;    cout << left << setw(10) << "Name" << left << setw(10) << "Calories" << left << setw(10) << "Price" << left << setw(10) << "Form"    << left << setw(10) << "Temp" << endl;    for(int i= 0;i<(int)foods.size();i++){        cout << left << setw(10) << foods[i].name << left << setw(10) << foods[i].calories << left << setw(10) << foods[i].price        << left << setw(10) << foods[i].form << left << setw(10) << foods[i].temp << endl;    }    //(E)Create an array called drinks and load drinks with instances constructed from food from the vector foods.    Drink *drinks[(int)foods.size()];    for(int i=0;i< (int)foods.size();i++){        if(foods[i].form == 'L' && foods[i].temp == 'C'){            drinks[i] = new Drink(foods[i].name,foods[i].calories);        }        else{            drinks[i] = new Drink(name,calories);        }    }    //(F) Provide a loop that displays the contents of array drinks to the console.    //To display individual elements, use the display method from Step 1D above.    cout << endl << "Array : Drinks" << endl;    cout << left << setw(10) << "Name" << "Calories" << endl;    for(int i= 0;i<(int)foods.size();i++){        drinks[i]->getter();    }    return 0; }

SCREENSHOTS :

Please see the screenshots of the code below for the indentations of the code.

1 2 3 4 #include <iostream> #include<string> #include <iomanip> #include <vector> using namespace std; 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 enum form_t { Solid = 's', Liquid = 'L', Gas = 'G'); enum temp_t { Frozen = 'F', Cold = 'C', Room = 'R', Hot = 'H'}; struct Food string name; int calories: double price; char form; char tempi }; //PART - 1 class Drink /* (A) Create a class called Drink that contains information about a single drink. Provide private data members for name and calories. */ private: string name; int calories; /* (B) To class Drink, add a single constant data member that is shared by all instances. It indicates that all drinks are of the same form_t : Liquid. */ const char form_t; public: //C) Provide a constructor which has parameters that specify the name and calories. Drink (string Name, int cal): form_t('L') { 23 24 25 26 27 28 TE 29 30 /*In the constructor, validate the inputs

the name must not be empty (must have at least 1 letter), and the calories must be o or more. */ if (Name.compare ("") == 0 || cal < 0) { name = "water"; calories = 0; 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 else { name = Name; calories = cal; 39 ܪܫܝܢ } // (D) Provide a display a method that displays the name and calories of the food item. void getter() { cout << left << setw(10) << name « calories << endl; } 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 -}; 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 int main() { struct Food food; string name; int calories; midis vector foods */ vector<Food> foods; food.name = "beans"; food.calories = 8; food.price = .18; food. form = Solid; food. temp = Room; foods.push back (food); food.name = "coke"; food. calories = 240; food.price = .57; food. form = Liquid; food. temp foods.push_back (food); food.name = "oats"; food. calories = 10; food.price = .12; food. form = Solid; food. temp = Room; foods.push_back (food); food.name = "steak"; food. calories = 310; food.price = 12.34; food. form = Solid; food. temp = Frozen; foods.push back (food);

61 62 food.name = "milk"; food.calories = 80; food.price = 1.21; food. form = Liquid; food. temp = Cold; foods.push_back (food); food.name = "soup"; food. calories = 95; food.price = 2.34; food. form = Liquid; food. temp = Hot; foods.push back (food); 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 //Display foods data cout << "Vector : Foods" << endl; cout << left << setw(10) << "Name" << left << setw(10) << "Calories" << left << setw(10) << "Price" << left << setw(10) << "Form" << left << setw(10) << "Temp" << endl; for(int i= 0;i< (int) foods.size();i++) { cout << left << setw(10) << foods[i].name << left << setw(10) << foods[i].calories << left << setw(10) << foods[i].price << left << setw(10) << foods[i].form << left << setw(10) << foods[i].temp << endl; } 77 77 (E) Create an array called drinks and load drinks with instances constructed from food from the vector foods. Drink *drinks[ (int) foods.size()]; for (int i=0;i< (int) foods.size();i++) { if(foods[i].form == 'L' && foods[i].temp == 'C'){ drinks[i] = new Drink (foods[i].name, foods[i].calories) ; } else drinks[i] = new Drink (name, calories) ; ܒܪܝܢ 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 ܪܪܝܢ // (F) Provide a loop that displays the contents of array drinks to the console. //To display individual elements, use the display method from Step 1D above. cout << endl << "Array : Drinks" << endl; cout << left k setw(10) << "Name" << "Calories" << endl; for(int i= 0;i< (int) foods.size();i++) { drinks[i] ->getter();

} return 0; 91 92 93 94

OUTPUT :

Vector : Foods Name Calories Price beans 8 0.18 coke 240 0.57 oats 10 0.12 steak 310 12.34 milk 80 1.21 soup 95 2.34 Form S L S S L L Temp R с R F с H Array : Drinks Name Calories water 0 coke 240 water water 0 milk water 0 80 execution time : 0.463 s Process returned o (@xo) Press any key to continue.

Any doubts regarding this can be explained with pleasure :)