Question

1. What is a second messenger in signaling?

2. Why do cells have second messengers?

3. What doe second messengers do?

4. Give one example of a second messenger in cells.

Please DO NOT copy and paste your answer from khan or google. You will be downvoted immediately

Answer 1

Dear Student answer of your question is given below:

Solution of Q 1:

Second messenger are those molecules which acts as intermediate and relay signals from receptors on cell surfaces to the target molecules that may be present in nucleus or cytoplasm. These molecules alters the gene expression of an organism. These molecules leads to amplification of signal. The transduction pathway or process is mediated by these molecules. E.g cAMP, cGMP and calcium ion.

Solution of Q 2:

Secondary messengers are very useful for cell to communicate between many metabolic processes. The main fucntions are given below:

• It is used to generate large response from a low concentration of signal.
• It is used to trigger physiological changes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
• It is used to cause stability between two steady states inside the cell.i.e helps in cross talk between cells.

Solution of Q 3:

Secondary messengers has several functions which i explained above and some are given below:

• It helps in protein phosphorylation as secondary messengers are used as intermediate molecule in it.
• Protein kinase is activated by these signalling molecules like cAMP.
• It helps in termination of signal transduction in which protein phsophatase enzyme is activated by these secondary messengers.

Solution of Q 4: cAMP is an example.

It is used for intracellular signal transduction. It is used to transmit signal from outside to interior of cell through hormones like glucagon by binding with cell surface receptor.

Please rate my answer because it really matters for us.