Question

B1. Mitosis and Meiosis a) What are the similarities and differences between meiosis I and mitosis? b) What are the differences between binary fusion and mitosis? c) Mention the differences between Prophase in Mitosis and Prophase in Meiosis 1. [10 Marks] B2. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells a) An organism consists of ribosome, cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane and a nucleoide. What type of cell is it? [1 mark] b) Name one feature Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have in common? [1 mark] c) What component or molecule do bacterial cell walls contain that differs from all other cells? [1 mark] d) What is the composition of the fluid found in the vacuole? [1 mark) e) Which organism among plants, bacteria, fungi and protozoa do not contain cells with cell wall? [1 mark] f) State which component in the cell is known as the ......? [5 marks) i. Powerhouse of the cell ii. Storage organelle for genetic material iii. Site for metabolic reactions iv. Control center of the cell v. Site for protein synthesis

Answer 1

Bi. Ansi Similarities between meiosis, and milosis * Meiosis and mitosis both OCCUys in the nucleus of the cell. * Both have diploid parent cell- * Division of the cell involves in both meiosis and mitosis * Both happens in M-phase of cell cycle * Both consists of interphase. Prophase, melophaseç telophose as typical stages * In both processes individual chromosomes (Pairs of chromatids) line up along the equator in metaphase * The sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles in both processes during anophase * In Both phases synthesis of DNA occurs Differences between meiosis I and mitosis of cell Meiosis Mitosis * It is the process occurs in * It is the process of cell division the specialized type which occurs in all types of called as meiocytes, which cells (excluding sex cels), with Support the sexual reproduction the purpose of asexual seprodu- by the gametogenesis -ction + Discovered by oscas Hertwig * Discovered by walther- * De involves two successive Flemming cell divisions & results in * It involves one cell division and results in two fouo daughter cells daughter * Daughter cells are genetica- Daughter cells are geneti cells - ny different -cally identicals * It occurs in somatic * It occurs in Germ cells Scanned with CamScanner CS cells

b. Ansi Differences between binary fusion and milosis Binary fusion Mitosis * It is a part of asexual * It is not a part of reproduction a sexual reproduction Il is primarily occurs in * It is primarily occurs in Prokasyoles C Bacteria) Eukaryotes (c.g, plant and animal ceus) * It is used for * It is used for overall Reproduction growth * Formation of mitotic * Formation of mitotic Spindles during division spindles during division occurs It is a simple process * Ot is a complex process * DNA replication and * DNA replication is Separation occurs at the completed long before same time cell division not occurs * CS Scanned with CamScanner

* occurs in all organisms except Viruses * It occurs only in animals, plants & fongi * Involves recombination ) Crossing over a chromosomes in prophase * No recombination / crossing over occurs in prophase shorter prophase Longer prophase * It play major role in gamete formation and in Sexual reproduction * Active in maintaining Chromosome number * It play major role at the time of cellular growth th * Active in body repair & healing mechanisms CS Scanned with CamScanner

C. Ans: Differences between prophase in mitosis and prophase in Meiosis Prophose in Mitosis * It is short Phase & not divided into any subphase * Pairing of homologous chromosomes not occurs * No crossing over/secombi- -nation occurs Prophase in Meiosis I * It is Long phase and is divided into subphases * Parsing of homologus chromosomes occurs * Crossing over [secombination occurs. chiasma is not formed * Chiasma is formed. * In chromosome part * In chromosome part exchange does not occurs not remains changes the unchanged gene arrangement so gene aivanges not remains enchang occurs which CS Scanned with CamScanner

B2

a) An organism consists of ribosome, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, and a nucleoide - Prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cell do not have cell wall

b) Common features in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell -

• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells are chemically and metabolically similar
• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have cytosol, ribosomes, cell membrane
• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells contain carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids
• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have genetic material
• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells use similar reactions for storing energy and metabolic activities
• e.g:- Building proteins

c) Peptidoglycan do bacterial cell walls contain that differs from all other cells

• Bacteria cell wall contain an ingredient which is known as Peptidoglycan.
• Peptidoglycan hasn't been found anywhere else on earth, other than the cell walls of bacteria
• Peptidoglycan is also called as Murein

d) Composition of fluid found in the vacuole:

Fluid found in the vacuole is Cell sap

composition:

• Carbohydrates: glucose, fructose, sucrose
• Inulin
• Pectins
• Glycosides: hesperidine, amygdalin
• Tannins
• Alkalloids: nicotine, anabasine, caffiene
• Organic acids: oxalic acid,  citric acid,  malic acid
• Inorganic acids: calcium oxalate crystals
• Amino acids: leusine, tyrosin

e) Protozoa do not contain cell wall on cell

Plant, Bacteria, and fungi contain cell wall on cell

• Plant cell wall is made up of cellulose
• Bacteria cell wall is made up of Peptidoglycan
• Fungi cell wall contains chitin
• Protozoa do not contain cell wall, and existed as without tissues and organs.

Its body is like naked e.g:- Plasmodium

f) Components of cells known as

1. Powerhouse of the cell - Mitochondria
2. Storage organelles for genetic material - Nucleus
3. Site for metabolic reations - Mitochondria & Cytoplasm
4. Control centre of cell - Nucleus
5. Site for protein synthesis - Ribosome